Skip to main content
Log in

The Characteristic Properties of Solar Activity in Solar Cycle 24

  • SOLAR PHYSICS
  • Published:
Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Solar cycle 24 began in December 2008 and ended in December 2019. Maximum of solar cycle 24 occurred in April 2014. Magnetic field intensity has been reported via data from the Wilcox Solar Observatory. Sunspot numbers are reported via the data from WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium. Sunspot area distribution was determined using the data from the Max Planck Institute. Flare Index intensity is indicated, and the data recorded by the Kandilli Observatory at Bogazici University is presented. Hemisphere asymmetries in terms of sunspots and solar flare index are calculated. The number of solar flares that occur at the highest intensity (X-class) during this cycle are presented, the data for which from the NOAA/SWPC. The characteristics of Coronal Mass Ejections are given, as determined using the LASCO coronagraph operating on the SOHO mission. Solar radio flux distribution and comparison with previous cycles was studied using data from Space Weather Canada.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.

REFERENCES

  1. T. Ataç and A. Özgüç, “North–South asymmetry in the solar flare index,” Sol. Phys. 166, 201–208 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. J. C. Durán, A. Lagg, S. K. Solanki, and M. Van Noort, “Detection of the strongest magnetic field in a sunspot light bridge,” Astrophys. J. 895, 129 (2020).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Feynman, T. P. Armstrong, L. Dao-Gibner, and S. Silverman, “Solar proton events during solar cycles 19, 20, and 21,” Sol. Phys. 126, 385–401 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Gopalswamy, S. Yashiro, G. Michalek, H. Xie, P. Mäkelä, A. Vourlidas, and R. A. Howard, “A catalog of halo coronal mass ejections from SOHO,” Sun Geosphere 5, 7–16 (2010).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. H. Hathaway and L. A. Upton, “Predicting the amplitude and hemispheric asymmetry of solar cycle 25 with surface flux transport,” J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 121, 10–744 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Kleczek, “Solar flare index,” Publ. Cent. Inst. Astron. 22 (1952).

  7. A. G. Kosovichev, “Sunquakes: Helioseismic response to solar flares,” in Extraterrestrial Seismology, Ed. by V. C. H. Tong and R. A. Garcia (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2014). arXiv 1402.1249

  8. K. Lee, Y.-J. Moon, J.-Y. Lee, K.-S. Lee, and H. Na, “Solar flare occurrence rate and probability in terms of the sunspot classification supplemented with sunspot area and its changes,” Sol. Phys. 281, 639–650 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. K. J. Li and X. M. Gu, “Does the southern dominance of solar activity really exist in solar cycle 21?,” Astron. Astrophys. 353, 396–398 (2000).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. V. G. Lozitsky, “Spectral manifestations of extremely strong magnetic fields in the sunspot umbra,” Adv. Space Res. 59, 1416–1424 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Mandal, N. A. Krivova, S. K. Solanki, N. Sinha, and D. Banerjee, “Sunspot area catalog revisited: Daily cross-calibrated areas since 1874,” Astron. Astrophys. 640, A78 (2020).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. B. Panos, L. Kleint, and S. Voloshynovskiy, “Exploring mutual information between IRIS spectral lines. I. correlations between spectral lines during solar flares and within the quiet sun,” Astrophys. J. 912, 121 (2021).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. W. D. Pesnell, B. J. Thompson, and P. C. Chamberlin, “The solar dynamics observatory (SDO),” in The Solar Dynamics Observatory (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2012), pp. 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  14. C. J. Schrijver, J. Beer, U. Baltensperger, E. W. Cliver, M. Güdel, H. S. Hudson, K. G. McCracken, R. A. Osten, T. Peter, D. R. Soderblom, I. G. Usoskin, and E. W. Wolff, “Estimating the frequency of extremely energetic solar events, based on solar, stellar, lunar, and terrestrial records,” J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 117, A08103 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. C. Scolini, M. Messerotti, S. Poedts, and L. Rodriguez, “Halo coronal mass ejections during Solar Cycle 24: Reconstruction of the global scenario and geoeffectiveness,” J. Space Weather Space Clim. 8, A09 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. C. Solomon, L. Qian, and A. G. Burns, “The anomalous ionosphere between solar cycles 23 and 24,” J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 118, 6524–6535 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. X. Sun, M. G. Bobra, J. T. Hoeksema, Y. Liu, Y. Li, C. Shen, S. Couvidat, A. A. Norton, and G. H. Fisher, “Why is the great solar active region 12192 flare-rich but CME-poor?,” Astrophys. J., Lett. 804, L28 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. I. G. Usoskin, S. K. Solanki, M. Schüssler, K. Mursula, and K. Alanko, “Millennium-scale sunspot number reconstruction: Evidence for an unusually active Sun since the 1940s,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 211101 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Van Noort, A. Lagg, S. K. Tiwari, and S. K. Solanki, “Peripheral downflows in sunspot penumbrae,” Astron. Astrophys. 557, A24 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. I. I. Yakovkin and V. G. Lozitsky, “Signatures of superstrong magnetic fields in a limb solar flare from observations of the Hα line,” Adv. Space Res. 69, 4408–4418 (2022).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. I. I. Yakovkin, A. M. Veronig, and V. G. Lozitsky, “Magnetic field measurements in a limb solar flare by hydrogen, helium and ionized calcium lines,” Adv. Space Res. 68, 1507–1518 (2021).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct thisparticular research were obtained.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaan Kaplan.

Ethics declarations

The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note.

Allerton Press remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kaplan, K. The Characteristic Properties of Solar Activity in Solar Cycle 24. Kinemat. Phys. Celest. Bodies 40, 105–115 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591324020041

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591324020041

Keywords:

Navigation