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Content and Composition of Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L.) Essential Oil at Different Phenological Phases

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Abstract

Using gas chromatography, we show that the ratio between constituents of Monarda fistulosa L. essential oil varies with the phase in plant development. Our 3-year long studies reveal that the essential oil content of wild bergamot peaks at the mass flowering phase, reaching 1.77%. This period is characterized by higher levels of α-terpineol (37.74%) and p-cyneme (4.85)—intermediate products of biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. As the plant development goes through the budding phase to the end of flowering, the thymol content increases to 48.95%, while the carvacrol content falls from 20.99 to 2.29%. We establish that the content of thymoquinone, a pharmacologically important constituent, in the essential oil of the considered plant tends to increase by the end of the flowering stage, from 3.39 to 17.65%.

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Funding

The study was by the state financing of Sechenov University, the RF Ministry of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia

    E. L. Malankina

  2. Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia

    A. N. Kuzmenko & A. A. Evgrafov

  3. Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    B. Ts. Zaitchik & A. O. Ruzhitskiy

  4. Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia

    E. L. Malankina & L. N. Kozlovskaya

Authors
  1. E. L. Malankina
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  2. A. N. Kuzmenko
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  3. B. Ts. Zaitchik
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  4. A. O. Ruzhitskiy
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  5. A. A. Evgrafov
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  6. L. N. Kozlovskaya
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. L. Malankina.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Translated by A. Kukharuk

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Malankina, E.L., Kuzmenko, A.N., Zaitchik, B.T. et al. Content and Composition of Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L.) Essential Oil at Different Phenological Phases. Moscow Univ. Chem. Bull. 75, 391–394 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027131420060140

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027131420060140

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