Abstract
Monitoring data on water pH are presented for the period between 1972 and 2009 from the sampling stations Längden and Storgadden, at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. The overall pH in the area ranged from 9.2 to 7.4, on average 8.1, and showed a significant decreasing trend during the winter period corresponding to a median annual decrease of 0.006. The data corroborate previous findings about a seasonal effect, where pH is higher during summer than winter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Brewer P.G., Goldman J.C., 1976, Alkalinity changes generated by phytoplankton growth, Limnol. Oceanogr., 21: 108–117
Doney S.C., Mahowald N., Lima I., Feely R.A., Mackenzie F.T. et al., 2007, Impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 14580–14585
Hansen P.J., 2002, Effect of high pH on the growth and survival of marine phytoplankton; implications for species succession, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 28: 279–288
Hjalmarsson S., Wesslander K., Anderson L.G., Omstedt A., Perttilä M., Mintrop L., 2008, Distribution, long-term development and mass balance calculation of total alkalinity in the Baltic Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 28: 593–601
Hällfors G., Leskinen E., Niemi Å., 1983, Hydrography, chlorophyll a and nutrients at Tvärminne Storfjärd, Gulf of Finland, in 1979/80, Sci. Rep. W. & A. Nottbeck Found., 4:1–19
Jassby A.D., Cloern J.E., 2010, wq: Some tools for exploring water quality monitoring data, R package version 0.2-2
Kononen K., Hällfors S., Kokkonen M., Kuosa H., Laanemets J. et al., 1998, Development of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum at the entrance of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43: 1089–1106
McLeod A.I., 2009, Kendall: Kendall rank correlation and Mann-Kendall trend test. R package version 2.1., http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Kendall
Olafsson J., Olafsdottir S.R., Benoit-Cattin A., Danielsen M., Arnarson T.S., Takahashi T., 2009, Rate of Iceland Sea acidification from time series measurements, Biogeosciences, 6: 2661–2668
Omstedt A., Edman M., Anderson L.G., Laudon H., 2010, Factors influencing the acid-base (pH) balance in the Baltic Sea: a sensitivity analysis, Tellus, 62B: 280–295
Provoost P., van Heuven S., Soetaert K., Laane R., Middelburg J.J., 2010, Long-term record of pH in the Dutch coastal zone: a major role for eutrophication-induced changes, Biogeosciences, 7: 3869–3878
R Development Core Team, 2009, R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org
Santana-Casiano S.M., González-Dávila M., Rueda M.-J., Llinás O., González-Dávila E.-F., 2007, The interannual variability of oceanic CO 2 parameters in the northeast Atlantic subtropical gyre at the ESTOC site, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21: GB1015
Soomere T., Myrberg K., Leppäranta M., Nekrasov A., 2008, The progress in knowledge of physical oceanography of the Gulf of Finland: a review for 1997–2007, Oceanologia, 50: 287–362
Wootton J.T., Pfister C.A., Forester J.D., 2008, Dynamic patterns and ecological impacts of declining ocean pH in a high-resolution multi-year dataset, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105: 18848–18853
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Authors contributed equally and names are listed alphabetically
About this article
Cite this article
Brutemark, A., Engström-Öst, J. & Vehmaa, A. Long-term monitoring data reveal pH dynamics, trends and variability in the western Gulf of Finland. Ocean and Hydro 40, 91–94 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2478/s13545-011-0034-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s13545-011-0034-3