Skip to main content
Log in

A critical review of propulsion concepts for modern airships

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Central European Journal of Engineering

Abstract

After a few decades in which airships have been depromoted to the level of being only considered as a mere curiosity they seem now to reappear. The main reasons for this are related to the recent progress in technology of materials, aerodynamics, energy and propulsion. Airships are also presenting themselves as green friendly air vehicles, in particular if solar powered airships are considered. Their ability to remain aloft for long time periods have also expanded the range of mission profiles for which they are suited. Herein we have concentrated on a critical overview of propulsion mechanisms for airships. These include a detailed overview of past, present, and future enabling technologies for airship propulsion. Diverse concepts are revisited and the link between the airship geometry and flight mechanics is made for diverse propulsion system mechanisms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li Y., Nahon M., Sharf I., Airship dynamics modeling: A literature review, Progr. Aero. Sci., 2011, 47, 217–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ardema M.D., Young A.D., Missions and vehicle concepts for modern, propelled, lighter-than-air vehicles, AGARD Report No 724, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 1985

  3. Liao L., Pasternak I., A review of airship structural research and development, Progr. Aero. Sci., 2009, 45, 83–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang X., Shan X., Shape optimization of stratosphere airship, J. Aircraft, 2006, 43(1), 283–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Nejati V., Matsuuchi K., Aerodynamics design and genetic algorithms for optimization of airship bodies, JSME International Journal, Series B: Fluids and Thermal Engineering, 2003, 46(4), 610–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mueller J.B., Paluszek M.A., Zhao Y., Development of an aerodynamic model and control law design for a high altitude airship, the AIAA Unmanned Unlimited Conference in Chicago, IL, 2004, 1–17

  7. Gammon S., Frye M., Trevino R., Qian C., The development of the tri-turbofan airship model for autonomous flight control research, AIAA modeling and simulation technologies conference and exhibit, AIAA-2006-6620, 2006

  8. Grossman D., 2011, http://www.airships.net/hindenburg/design-technology

  9. Burgess C.P., Airship design, The Ronald Press Company, 1927

  10. Goodyear Aerospace, Feasibility study of modern airships, phase II — executive summary, NASA Contractor Report 2922, NASA, 1977

  11. McLemore C., Wind-tunnel tests of a 1/20-scale airship model with stern propellers, Tech. Rep. TN D-1026, NASA, 1962

  12. Cornish J.J., Boatwright D.W., Application of full scale boundary layer measurements to drag reduction of airships, Tech. Rep. Report No. 28, Mississippi State University, Aerophysics Department, 1960

  13. Lutz T., Leinhos D., Wagner S., Theoretical investigations of the flowfield of airships with a stern propeller, Proceedings International Airship Convention and Exhibition, 1996, pp. 1–12

  14. Lutz T., Funk P., Jakobi A., Wagner S., Calculation of the propulsive efficiency for airships with stern thruster, 14th AIAA Lighter-Than-Air Technical Committee Convention and Exhibition, 2001

  15. Hirner A., Dorn F., Lutz T., Krämer E., Improvement of propulsive efficiency by dedicated stern thruster a design, 7th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations Conference (ATIO), No. AIAA 2007-7702, 2007, pp. 1–8

  16. Goldschmied F.R., Integrated hull design, boundarylayer control, and propulsion of submerged bodies, Journal of Hydronautics, 1967, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Goldschmied F.R., Wind tunnel demonstration of an optimized LTA system with 65 power reduction and neutral static stability, in AIAA Paper 83-1981, 1983

  18. Elfes A., Bueno S., Bergerman M., Paiva E., Ramos J., Robotic airships for exploration of planetary bodies with an atmosphere:autonomy challenges, Autonomous Robots, 2003, Vol. 14, pp. 147–164

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Dorrington G.E., Concept options for the aerial survey of titan, Adv. Space Res., 2011, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pascoa J., Xisto C., Goettlich E., Performance assessment limits in transonic 3d turbine stage blade rows using a mixing-plane approach, J. Mech. Sci. Tech., 2011, Vol. 24, pp. 2035–2042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pascoa J., Mendes A., Gato L., A fast iterative inverse method for turbomachinery blade design, Mechanical Research Communications, 2009, Vol. 36, pp. 630–637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. AUGURRosAeroSystems, 2010, http://rosaerosystems.com/projects/obj687

  23. Kaley N., The modern airship: A review of 40 years of airship golfier, Technical-Scientific Journal on Modern Aerostatic Problems, development, 2003, Vol. 2, pp. 1–12, http://www.agaeroplast.com/new/engl/Nigele.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  24. Martínez F., Study of a zero-emission airship transport system based on the geostrophic fligth concept, Tech. Rep., Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, 2011

  25. Goodey T.J., Steam LTA — past, present and future, in 4th International Airship Convention and Exhibition, Cambridge, England, July 2002, pp. 1–17

  26. Rapert R.M., A heat transfer model for a heated helium airship, Master’s thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, 1987

  27. Colozza A., Initial feasibility assessment of a high altitude long endurance airship, Tech. Rep. NASA/CR-2003-212724 36, 2003

  28. Vorachek J.J., A comparison of several very high altitude station keeping balloon concepts, in Proc. 6th AFCRL Scientific Balloon Symposium, AFCRL 70-0543, 1970, pp. 283–286

  29. Hugh B.-S., Tom swift and his electric airship, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2011, Vol. 26, No. 10, pp. 4–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Dumas A., Trancossi M., Madonia M., Giuliani I., Multibody advanced airship for transport, SAE International, 2011, DOI: 10.4271/2011-01-2786

  31. Dumas A., Pancaldi F., Anzillotti F., Trancossi M., High altitude platforms for telecommunications: design methodology, SAE International, No. 09ATC-0010, 2009

  32. Dumas A., Anzillotti S., Madonia M., Trancossi M., Effects of altitude on photovoltaic production of hydrogen, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, ESFuelCell2011-54624, 2011

  33. Lutz T., Funk P., Jakobi A., Wagner S., Summary of aerodynamic studies on the Lotte airship, Presented at the 4th International Airship Convention and Exhibition, July 28–31, 2002, Cambridge, England, 2002

  34. Kröplin B., Solar airship Lotte, 2011, http://www.isd.uni-stuttgart.de/lotte/infodownload/engl_v02.pdf

  35. Summers M., Lessons from tragedy: a review of the helios difference, 2011, http://heliosairships.blogspot.com/2011/06/lessons-from-tragedy-review-of-helios. html

  36. Lowry J., Fixed-pitch propeller/piston aircraft operations at partial throttle, J. Propul. Power, 1999, Vol. 15, pp. 497–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Buerge B., Polar family airships for surveying and cargo, 2011, http://www.airshipstothearctic.com/docs/pr/14_Brandon_Buerge.pdf

  38. Kinney J., Frank W. Caldwell and variable-pitch propeller development, 1918–1938, J. Aircraft, 2001, Vol. 38, pp. 967–976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. M-Harada, Distributed multi-propulsion units system, JAXA, NAL RP-2002003, 2003, pp. 10–13

  40. Liu P., Duan Z., Ma L., Ma R., Aerodynamics properties and design method of high efficiency-light propeller of stratospheric airships, 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE), 2011, pp. 8041–8044

  41. Pavlecka V., Thrusters for airship control, US patent 4402475, 1983

  42. Turner R.C., Notes on ducted fan desing, Aeronautical Research Council Current Papers, 1966, No. 895, p. 44

  43. Piolenc F., Wright G., Ducted fan design, 2001, http://massflow.archivale.com/ductbook.htm

  44. Hochstetler R., Airships for the 21st century, 2010, http://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/aviation/airships-for-the-21st-century

  45. Kothmann, The kothmann multi-use airship, US patent 6648272b1, 2003

  46. Rademacher A.T., Very large luxury airship (VLLA), http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/nikos/pdf/VLLAirship

  47. Wheatley J.B., Simplified aerodynamic analysis of the cyclogiro rotating-wing system, Tech. Rep. 467, NACA, 1933

  48. Wheatley J.B., Windler R., Windtunnel tests of a cyclogiro rotor, Tech. Rep. 528, NACA, 1935

  49. Kim S.J., Yun C.Y., Kim D., Yoon Y., Park I., Design and performance tests of cycloidal propulsion systems, in 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, No. AIAA-2003-1786, 2003

  50. Engstrom J., 2011, www.airship.org/verticalairships

  51. Jordiand C., Michel S., Fink E., Fish-like propulsion of an airship with planar membrane dielectric elastomer actuators, Bioinspiration Biomimetics, 2010, Vol. 5, DOI:10.1088/1748-3182/5/2/026007

  52. Michel S., Bormann A., Jordi C., Fink E., Feasibility studies for a bionic propulsion system of a blimp based on dielectric elastomers, Proc. of SPIE, 2008, Vol. 6927, pp. 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  53. Trancossi M., Dumas A., CFD based design of a nozzle able to control angular deflection, in ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, 2011, Vol. IMECE2011-65440

  54. Mueller J., Paluszek M., Development of an aerodynamic model and control law design for a high altitude airship, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. ADA451761, 2004, p. 17

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Galina Ilieva.

About this article

Cite this article

Ilieva, G., Páscoa, J.C., Dumas, A. et al. A critical review of propulsion concepts for modern airships. cent.eur.j.eng 2, 189–200 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2478/s13531-011-0070-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s13531-011-0070-1

Keywords

Navigation