Abstract
Recently, the effect of intestinal microbiota on the lungs has been reported in several studies as the gut-lung axis, which interferes with inflammatory processes through the translocation of bacterial products across the gastrointestinal tract barrier into blood vessels. In numerous studies, the anti-inflammatory properties of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains have been reported both in vivo and in vitro. In this process, the secretion of bioactive molecules with anti-inflammatory effects is one of the strategies that the bacterium uses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have drawn the attention of scientists due to their role in cell-to-cell communication either locally or over long distances. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii supernatant and EVs on the expression profile of cytokines and chemokines by using lung cancer cell line (A549). Principal analysis showed that the bacterial supernatant and derived EVs were able to dysregulate the expression of some specific cytokines. However, the response of bacterium-secreted EVs was more significant compared to the bacterial supernatant for some key cytokines. The secreted EVs significantly could upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β2 and IL-1Ra). On the other hand, F. prausnitzii EVs could downregulate some of the important pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and TNF-β.
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Abbreviations
- IBS:
-
irritable bowel syndrome
- MAM:
-
microbial anti-inflammatory molecule
- EV:
-
extracellular vesicles
- OMV:
-
outer membrane vesicles
- MV:
-
membrane vesicles
- EPM:
-
Extracellular Polymeric Matrix
- FBS:
-
fetal bovine serum
- DSS:
-
Dextran Sodium Sulfate
- hPBMCs:
-
human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- hDCs:
-
human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
- Tregs:
-
regulatory T cells
- BMDCs:
-
bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
- ADIPOQ:
-
Adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing
- BMP2:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein 2
- BMP4:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein 4
- BMP6:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein 6
- BMP7:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein 7
- C5:
-
Complement component 5
- CCL1:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1
- CCL11:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11
- CCL13:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13
- CCL17:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17
- CCL18:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated)
- CCL19:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19
- CCL2:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
- CCL20:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20
- CCL21:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21
- CCL22:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22
- CCL24:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24
- CCL3:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3
- CCL5:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
- CCL7:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7
- CCL8:
-
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8
- CD40LG:
-
CD40 ligand
- CNTF:
-
Ciliary neurotrophic factor
- CSF1:
-
Colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)
- CSF2:
-
Colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
- CSF3:
-
Colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)
- CX3CL1:
-
Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
- CXCL1:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)
- CXCL10:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10
- CXCL11 :
-
(Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11
- CXCL12:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12
- CXCL13:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13
- CXCL16:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16
- CXCL2:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
- CXCL5:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5
- CXCL9:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9
- FASLG:
-
Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)
- GPI:
-
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
- IFNA2:
-
Interferon, alpha 2
- IFNG:
-
Interferon, gamma
- IL10:
-
Interleukin 10
- IL11:
-
Interleukin 11
- IL12A:
-
Interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35)
- IL12B:
-
Interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)
- IL13:
-
Interleukin 13
- IL15:
-
Interleukin 15
- IL16:
-
Interleukin 16
- IL17A:
-
Interleukin 17A
- IL17F:
-
Interleukin 17F
- IL18:
-
Interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)
- IL1A:
-
Interleukin 1, alpha
- IL1B:
-
Interleukin 1, beta
- IL1RN:
-
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist
- IL2:
-
Interleukin 2
- IL21:
-
Interleukin 21
- IL22:
-
Interleukin 22
- IL23A:
-
Interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19
- IL24:
-
Interleukin 24
- IL27:
-
Interleukin 27
- IL3:
-
Interleukin 3 (colony-stimulating factor, multiple)
- IL4:
-
Interleukin 4
- IL5:
-
Interleukin 5 (colony-stimulating factor, eosinophil)
- IL6:
-
Interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)
- IL7:
-
Interleukin 7
- CXCL8:
-
Interleukin 8
- IL9:
-
Interleukin 9
- LIF:
-
Leukemia inhibitory factor (cholinergic differentiation factor)
- LTA:
-
Lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)
- LTB:
-
Lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)
- MIF:
-
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)
- MSTN:
-
Myostatin
- NODAL:
-
Nodal homolog (mouse)
- OSM:
-
Oncostatin M
- PPBP:
-
Pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7)
- SPP1:
-
Secreted phosphoprotein 1
- TGFB2:
-
Transforming growth factor, beta 2
- THPO:
-
Thrombopoietin
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- TNFRSF11B:
-
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b
- TNFSF10:
-
Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10
- TNFSF11:
-
Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11
- TNFSF13B:
-
Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b
- VEGFA:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor A
- XCL1:
-
Chemokine (C motif) ligand 1
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Acknowledgments
We thank all the personnel of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran for their assistance in this project.
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BJ wrote the manuscript and performed laboratory work. SDS, RAKN and FV supervised the project. SDS designed the project. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Jafari, B., Khavari Nejad, R.A., Vaziri, F. et al. Evaluation of the effects of extracellular vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii on lung cancer cell line. Biologia 74, 889–898 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-019-00229-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-019-00229-8