Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diversity of the Western Carpathian flysch grasslands: Do extremely species-rich plant communities coincide with a high diversity of snails?

Biologia volume 69, pages 202–213 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Upland fringes of the White Carpathians (Czech Republic) are known to support grasslands with the world’s highest local plant species richness. We investigated whether this unusually high plant richness has a parallel in snail communities, whether patterns of species composition of snail and plant communities in grasslands co-vary and how they are affected by local environment and landscape history. We compared plant and snail communities of dry to mesic grasslands in three neigh bouring regions: (1) hilly lowland of the Central Moravian Carpathians, (2) upland fringes and (3) upland of the White Carpathians. Both snail and plant communities exhibited a strong gradient in species composition associated with altitude, annual temperature and precipitation, soil calcium and pH. However, there was no correlation between local species richness of plants and snails in individual plots. The upland fringes of the White Carpathians were richest in snail species, probably due to intermediate environmental conditions, supporting the occurrence of species with contrasting environmental requirements. The highest local numbers of plant species were also recorded there, although differences among regions were not significant. The regional species richness of plants was also highest in the upland fringes, whereas that of snails was highest in the hilly lowland. Similarities in the diversity patterns of plants and snails among regions suggest the importance of regional factors for local richness, although local abiotic factors, which are partly correlated with the three regions, also influence local species composition and richness.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  • Boschi C. & Baur B. 2008. Past pasture management affects the land snail diversity in nutrient-poor calcareous grasslands. Basic Appl. Ecol. 9(6): 752–761. DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2007.09.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boycott A.E. 1934. The habitats of land Mollusca in Britain. J. Ecol. 22(1): 1–38. DOI: 10.2307/2256094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruun H.H., Fritzbøger B., Rindel P.O. & Hansen U.L. 2001. Plant species richness in grasslands: the relative importance of contemporary environment and land-use history since the Iron Age. Ecography 24(5): 569–578. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.d01-212.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buday T. 1967. Regionální geologie ČSSR — 2. Západní Karpaty [Regional geology of Czechoslovakia — part II. Western Carpathian Mountains]. Ústřední ústav geologický, Academia, Praha, 723 pp. ISBN: 2720212843

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron R.A.D., Down K. & Pannett D.J. 1980. Historical and environmental influences on hedgerow snail faunas. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 13(1): 75–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron R.A.D. & Morgan-Huws D.I. 1975. Snail faunas in the early stages of a chalk grassland succession. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 7(3): 215–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cernohorsky N., Horsák M. & Cameron R.A.D. 2010. Land snail species richness and abundance at small scales: the effects of distinguishing between live individuals and empty shells. J. Conchol. 40(2): 233–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiarucci A., Bacaro G., Rocchini D., Ricotta C., Palmer M.W. & Scheiner S.M. 2009. Spatially constrained rarefaction: incorporating the autocorrelated structure of biological communities into sample-based rarefaction. Community Ecol. 10(2): 209–214. DOI: 10.1556/ComEc.10.2009.2.11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chytrý M. (ed.) 2007. Vegetace České republiky 1. Travinná a keříčková vegetace [Vegetation of the Czech Republic 1. Grassland and heathland vegetation]. Academia, Praha, 525 pp. ISBN: 978-80-200-1462-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Chytrý M. 2012. Vegetation of the Czech Republic: diversity, ecology, history and dynamics. Preslia 84(3): 427–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claassen C. 1998. Shells, pp. 1–266. In: Brothwell D., Barker G., Dincauze D., Renouf P. (eds), Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN: 052157036

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornell H.V. 1999. Unsaturation and regional influences on species richness in ecological communities: a review of the evidence. Ecoscience 6(3): 303–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornell H.V. & Lawton J.H. 1992. Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the richness of ecological communities: a theoretical perspective. J. Anim. Ecol. 61(1): 1–12. DOI: 10.2307/5503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danihelka J., Chrtek J. Jr. & Kaplan Z. 2012. Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia 84(3): 647–811.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies P. & Grimes C.J. 1999. Small-scale spatial variation of pasture molluscan faunas within a relic watermeadow system at Wylye, Wiltshire, UK. J. Biogeogr. 26(5): 1057–1063. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00336.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doležal J., Mazůrek P. & Klimešová J. 2010. Oak decline in southern Moravia: the association between climate change and early and late wood formation in oaks. Preslia 82(3): 289–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dúbravková D., Chytrý M., Willner W., Illyés E., Janišová M. & Kállayné Szerényi J. 2010. Dry grasslands in the Western Carpathians and the northern Pannonian Basin: a numerical classification. Preslia 82(2): 165–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dvořáková J. & Horsák M. 2012. Variation of snail assemblages in hay meadows: disentangling predictive power of abiotic environment and vegetation. Malacologia 55(1): 151–162. DOI: 10.4002/040.055.0110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg H. 1988. Vegetation ecology of Central Europe, 4th Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 731 pp. ISBN: 0521236428, 9780521236423

    Google Scholar 

  • ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) 2003. ArcGIS 8.3. http://www.esri.com/ (accessed 21 June 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gotelli N.J. & Colwell R.K. 2001. Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecol. Lett. 4(4): 379–391. DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M., Roleček J., Cottenie K., Kintrová K., Horsák M., Poulíčlová A., Hájková P., Fránková M. & Dítě D. 2011. Environmental and spatial controls of biotic assemblages in a discrete semi-terrestrial habitat: comparison of organisms with different dispersal abilities sampled in the same plots. J. Biogeogr. 38 (9): 1683–1693. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02503.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P., Roleček J., Hájek M., Horsák M., Fajmon K., Polák M. & Jamrichová E. 2011. Prehistoric origin of the extremely species-rich semi-dry grasslands in the Bílé Karpaty Mts (Czech Republic and Slovakia). Preslia 83(2): 185–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hejcman M., Hejcmanová P., Pavlů V. & Beneš J. 2013. Origin and history of grasslands in Central Europe — a review. Grass Forage Sci. 68(3): 345–363. DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hettenbergerová E., Horsák M., Chandran R., Hájek M., Zelený D. & Dvořáková J. 2013. Patterns of land snail assemblages along a fine-scale moisture gradient. Malacologia 56(1/2) (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill M.O. & Gauch H.G. Jr. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42(1–3): 47–58. DOI: 10.1007/BF00048870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill T. & Lewicki P. 2007. Statistics: Methods and Applications. StatSoft, Tulsa. http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stathome.html. (Accessed 15.02.2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillebrand H. & Blenckner T. 2002. Regional and local impact on species diversity — from pattern to processes. Oecologia 132(4): 479–491. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-002-0988-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horsák M. 2001. Měkkýši (Mollusca) NPR Čertoryje, Jazevčí a Zahrady pod Hájem v CHKO Bílé Karpaty (Česká republika) [The molluscs (Mollusca) of the Čertoryje, Jazevčí and Zahrady pod Hájem National Nature Reserves in the White Carpathians Protected Landcape Area (Czech Republic)]. Sborník Přírodovědeckého klubu v Uherském Hradišti 6: 15–26. ISBN: 80-86485-02-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsák M. 2008. Měkkýši [Molluscs], pp. 227–232. In: Jongepierová I. (ed.), Louky Bílých Karpat [Grasslands of the White Carpathian Mountains], ZO ČSOP Bílé Karpaty, Veselí nad Moravou, 461 pp. ISBN: 978-80-903444-6-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsák M. & Hájek M. 2003. Composition and species richness of mollusc communities in relation to vegetation and water chemistry in the Western Carpathian spring fens: the poor-rich gradient. J. Mollusc. Stud. 69(4): 349–357. DOI: 10.1093/mollus/69.4.349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horsák M., Hájek M., Dítě D. & Tichý L. 2007a. Modern distribution patterns of snails and plants in the Western Carpathian spring fens: is it a result of historical development? J. Mollusc. Stud. 73(1): 53–60. DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyl024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horsák M., Hájek M, Spitale D., Hájková P., Dítě D. & Nekola J.C. 2012. The age of island-like habitats impacts habitat specialist species richness. Ecology 93(5): 1106–1114. DOI: 10.1890/11-0839.1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horsák M., Hájek M., Tichý L. & Juřičková L. 2007b. Plant indicator values as a tool for land mollusc autecology assessment. Acta Oecol. 32(2): 161–171. DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2007.03.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. 2010. Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České republiky [Annotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics]. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, Suppl. 1: 1–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huston M. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. Am. Nat. 113(1): 81–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Illyés E., Chytrý M., Botta-Dukát Z., Jandt U., Škodová I., Janišová M., Willner W. & Hájek O. 2007. Semi-dry grasslands along a climatic gradient across Central Europe: vegetation classification with validation. J. Veg. Sci. 18(6): 835–846. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02600.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jongepierová I. (ed.). 2008. Louky Bílých Karpat [Grasslands of the White Carpathian Mountains]. ZO ČSOP Bílé Karpaty, Veselí nad Moravou, 461 pp. ISBN: 978-80-903444-6-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlin E.J. 1961. Ecological relationships between vegetation and the distribution of land snails in Montana, Colorado and New Mexico. Am. Midl. Nat. 65(1): 60–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerney M.P., Cameron R.A.D. & Jungbluth J.H. 1983. Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Parey Verlag, Hamburg, Berlin, 384 pp. ISBN: 490179188, 9783490179180

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimeš L. 1997. Druhové bohatství luk v Bílých Karpatech [Species richness of grasslands in the Bílé Karpaty Mts]. Sborník Přírodovědeckého klubu v Uherském Hradišti 2: 31–42. ISBN: 80-902213-3-5

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimeš L. 2008. Druhové bohatství luk [Species richness of grasslands], pp. 89–94. In: Jongepierová I. (ed.), Louky Bílých Karpat [Grasslands of the White Carpathian Mountains]. ZO ČSOP Bílé Karpaty, Veselí nad Moravou, 461 pp. ISBN: 978-80-903444-6-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimeš L., Dančák M., Hájek M., Jongepierová I. & Kučera T. 2001. Scale-dependent biases in species counts in a grassland. J. Veg. Sci. 12(5): 699–704. DOI: 10.2307/3236910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuča P., Májský J., Kopeček F. & Jongepierová I. (eds). 1992. Biele — Bílé Karpaty. Chránená krajinná oblasť [Biele — Bílé Karpaty. Protected Landscape]. Ekológia, Bratislava, 380 pp. ISBN: 8085559099, 9788085559095

    Google Scholar 

  • Labaune C. & Magnin F. 2001. Land snail communities in Mediterranean upland grassland: the relative importance of four sets of environmental and spatial variables. J. Mollusc. Stud. 67(4): 463–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Labaune C. & Magnin F. 2002. Pastoral management vs. abandonment in Mediterranean uplands: impact on land snail communities. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 11(3): 237–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisický J.M. 1991. Mollusca Slovenska [Molluscs of the Slovak Republic]. Veda, Bratislava, 341 pp. ISBN: 80-224-0232-X

    Google Scholar 

  • Ložek V. 1956. Klíč československých měkkýšů [Key to Czechoslovak Molluscs]. Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 437 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ložek V. 1962. Soil conditions and their influence on terrestrial Gasteropoda in central Europe, pp. 334–342. In: Murphy P.W. (ed.), Progress in Soil Zoology, Butterworths, Oxford, 398 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ložek V. 1964. Quartärmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického 31: 1–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ložek V. 1973. Příroda ve čtvrtohorách [The Quaternary nature]. Academia, Praha, 372 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ložek V. 2007. Zrcadlo minulosti — Česká a slovenská krajina v kvartéru [Mirror of the past — Czech and Slovak landscape in the Quaternary]. Dokořán, Praha, 198 pp. ISBN: 8073630958, 9788073630959

    Google Scholar 

  • Ložek V. 2008. Vyvoj v době poledové [Development after the Ice Age], pp. 24–28. In: Jongepierová I. (ed.), Louky Bílých Karpat [Grasslands of the White Carpathian Mountains], ZO ČSOP Bílé Karpaty, Veselí nad Moravou, 461 pp. ISBN: 978-80-903444-6-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackovčin P. & Jatiová M. 2002. Zlínsko. In: Mackovčin P. & Sedláček M. (eds), Chráněná území ČR, Svazek II [Protected areas of the Czech Republic, volume II], Svazek II, Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR a EkoCentrum Brno, Praha, 376 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackovčin P., Jatiová M., Demek J. & Slavík P. 2007. Brněnsko. In: Mackovčin P. & Sedláček M. (eds), Chráněná území ČR, Svazek IX [Protected areas of the Czech Republic, volume IX], Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR a EkoCentrum Brno, Praha, 932 pp. ISBN: 978-80-86064-66-6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin K. & Sommer M. 2004a. Effect of soil properties and land management on the structure of grassland snail assemblages in SW Germany. Pedobiologia 48(3): 193–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.12.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin K. & Sommer M. 2004b. Relationships between land snail assemblage patterns and soil properties in temperate humid forest ecosystems. J. Biogeogr. 31(4): 531–545. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.01005.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ménez A. 2002. The degradation of land snail shells during the annual dry period in a Mediterranean climate. Iberus 20(2): 73–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merunková K., Preislerová Z. & Chytrý M. 2012. White Carpathian grasslands: can local ecological factors explain their extraordinary species richness? Preslia 84(2): 311–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalcová D., Chytrý M., Pechanec V., Hájek O., Jongepier J.W., Danihelka J., Grulich V., Šumberová Z., Ghisla A., Bacaro G. & Zeleny D. 2014. High plant diversity of grasslands in the landscape context: a comparison of contrasting regions in Central Europe. Folia Geobot. 49. DOI: 10.1007/s12224-013-9173-1

  • Navarro L.M. & Pereira H.M. 2012. Rewilding abandoned landscapes in Europe. Ecosystems 15(6): 900–912. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-012-9558-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novák P. (ed.) 1991. Syntetická půdní mapa České republiky 1:200 000 [Synthetical pedological map of the Czech Republic 1:200 000]. Ministerstvo zemědělství ČR, Ministerstvo životního prostředí ČR, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oggier P., Zschokke S. & Baur B. 1998. A comparison of three methods for assessing the gastropod community in dry grasslands. Pedobiologia 42(4): 348–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ondina P., Hermida J., Outeiro A. & Mato S. 2004. Relationships between terrestrial gastropod distribution and soil properties in Galicia (NW Spain). Appl. Soil Ecol. 26(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.10.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otýpková Z., Chytrý M., Tichý L., Pechanec V., Jongepier J.W. & Hájek O. 2011. Floristic diversity patterns in the White Carpathians Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic. Biologia 66(2): 266–274. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0004-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pärtel M. & Zobel M. 1999. Small-scale plant species richness in calcareous grasslands determined by the species pool, community age and shoot density. Ecography 22(2): 153–159. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00463.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce T.A. 2008. When a snail dies in the forest, how long will the shell persist? Effect of dissolution and microbioerosion. Am. Malacol. Bull. 26(1–2): 111–117. DOI: 10.4003/006.026.0211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poschlod P., Baumann A. & Karlik P. 2009. Origin and development of grasslands in Central Europe, Part A, 1.2, pp. 15–25. In: Veen P., Jefferson R., de Smidt J. & van der Straaten J. (eds), Grasslands in Europe of High Nature Value, KNNV Publishing, Zeist, 320 pp. ISBN-10: 9050113168, ISBN-13: 978-9050113168

    Google Scholar 

  • Poschlod P., Karlík P., Baumann A. & Wiedmann B. 2008. The history of dry calcareous grasslands near Kallmünz (Bavaria) reconstructed by the application of palaeoecological, historical and recent-ecological methods, pp. 130–143. In: Szabó P. & Hédl R. (eds), Human Nature: Studies in Historical Ecology and Environmental History, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 143 pp. ISBN: 8086188280, 9788086188287

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricklefs R.E. 1987. Community diversity: relative roles of local and regional processes. Science 235(4785): 167–171. DOI: 10.1126/science.235.4785.167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ricklefs R.E. & Schluter D. (eds) 1993. Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives. Chicago University Press, Chicago, 414 pp. ISBN: 0-226-71823-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Sádlo J., Chytrý M. & Pyšek P. 2007. Regional species pools of vascular plants in habitats of the Czech Republic. Preslia 79(4): 303–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders H.L. 1968. Marine benthic diversity: a comparative study. Am. Nat. 102(925): 243–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava D.S. 1999. Using local-regional richness plots to test for species saturation: pitfalls and potentials. J. Anim. Ecol. 68(1): 1–16. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00266.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Škodová I., Devánová K. & Senko D. 2011. Subxerophilous and mesophilous grasslands of the Biele Karpaty Mts. (White Carpathian Mts.) in Slovakia. Tuexenia 31: 235–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Škodová I., Hájek M., Chytrý M., Jongepierová I. & Knollová I. 2008. Vegetace [Vegetation], pp. 128–177. In: Jongepierová I. (ed.), Louky Bílých Karpat [Grasslands of the White Carpathian Mountains], ZO ČSOP Bílé Karpaty, Veselí nad Moravou, 461 pp. ISBN: 978-80-903444-6-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • ter Braak C.J.F. 1987. The analysis of vegetation-environment relationships by canonical correspondence analysis. Vegetatio 69(1–3): 69–77. DOI: 10.1007/BF00038688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ter Braak C.J.F. & Šmilauer P. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user’s guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 4.5). Biometris, Wageningen, Českějovice, 500 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tichý L. 2002. JUICE, software for vegetation classification. J. Veg. Sci. 13(3): 451–453. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02069.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tichý L. & Chytrý M. 2006. Statistical determination of diagnostic species for site groups of unequal size. J. Veg. Sci. 17(6): 809–818. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02504.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolasz R. (ed.) 2007. Atlas podnebí Česka [Climate Atlas of Czechia]. Český hydrometeorologický ústav, Praha, Univerzita Palackého, Olomouc, 256 pp. ISBN: 978-80-244-1626-7, ISBN: 80-244-1626-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Waesch G. & Becker T. 2009. Plant diversity differs between young and old mesic meadows in a central European low mountain region. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 129(4): 457–464. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wäreborn I. 1969. Land molluscs and their environments in an oligotrophic area in southern Sweden. Oikos 20(2): 461–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson J.B., Peet R.K., Dengler J. & Pärtel M. 2012. Plant species richness: the world records. J. Veg. Sci. 23(4): 796–802. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01400.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westhoff V. & van der Maarel E. 1978. The Braun-Blanquet approach, pp. 287–399. In: Whittaker R.H. (ed.), Classification of Plant Communities, Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, 408 pp. ISBN: 978-90-6193-566-7. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9183-5_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jana Dvořáková, Kristina Merunková, Zdenka Preislerová, Michal Horsák & Milan Chytrý

Authors
  1. Jana Dvořáková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kristina Merunková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zdenka Preislerová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michal Horsák
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Milan Chytrý
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jana Dvořáková.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dvořáková, J., Merunková, K., Preislerová, Z. et al. Diversity of the Western Carpathian flysch grasslands: Do extremely species-rich plant communities coincide with a high diversity of snails?. Biologia 69, 202–213 (2014). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0299-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0299-7

Key words

search

Navigation