Abstract
The gibberellin 20-oxidase gene (GA20) plays an important role in plant growth and development. Differential expression of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) gibberellin 20 oxidase gene (ZjGA20) induced by abiotic stresses has not been reported. In this investigation, we first reported the differential expression of ZjGA20 in different Z. japonica tissues including root, young leaf, senescent leaf, blade, sheath, and stolon, as well as differential expression induced by abiotic stresses including low temperature (4°C), H2O2(8 μM), salt stress (250 mM NaCl), 25% PEG6000, and high temperature (42°C) by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Higher expression of ZjGA20 was observed in young leaf and sheath, compared to root, senescent leaf, blade, and stolon. Among different abiotic stresses, expression of ZjGA20 decreased under low temperature, 25% PEG6000, and high temperature. The highest expression of ZjGA20 was obtained when plants were treated with 8 μM H2O2 for 10 h and with 250 mM NaCl for 5 h. The analysis of the MDA content, POD activity, and permeability of the plasma membrane demonstrated that application of exogenous GA3 recovered tissue damage derived from low temperature treatment. In addition, the expression of ZjGA20 increased under low temperature stress. These results demonstrated that expression of ZjGA20 was regulated by abiotic stresses and the damage derived from abiotic stresses could be rescued by exogenously applied plant growth regulator GA3. Further more, exogenous gibberellin and salicylic acid (SA) alleviated the growth inhibition and death of the seedlings under stresses. The SA content in the seedlings treated with 80 μM GA3 was far greater than the control (with H2O) and plants under stress treatments. These data suggest that exogenous addition of GA3 is able to counteract the inhibitory effects of these adverse environmental conditions in Zoysiagrass growth through modulation of SA biosynthesis. This is the first study of differential expression of gibberellin 20 oxidase gene and growth regulation of GA3 in Zoysiagrass under stresses.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GA20:
-
gibberellin 20-oxidase gene
- SA:
-
salicylic acid
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
- MDA:
-
malondialdehyde
- POD:
-
peroxidase
References
Alonso-Ramírez A., Rodríguez D., Reyes D., Jiménez J.A., Nicolás G., López-Climent M., Gómez-Cadenas A. & Nicolás C. 2009. Evidence for a role of gibberellins in salicylic acid modulated early plant responses to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant Physiology Preview. DOI:10.1104/pp.109.139352
Bhaskaran S., Smith R.H. & Frederiksen R.A. 1990. Gibberellin A3 reverts floral primordia to vegetative growth in sorghum. Plant Sci. 71: 113–118.
Carrera E., Bou J., Garcia-Martinez J.L. & Prat S. 2000. Changes in GA 20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber induction and tuber yield of potato plants. Plant J. 22: 247–256.
Chen I.C., Lee S.C., Pan S.M. & Hsieh H.L. 2007. GASA4, a GAstimulated gene, participates in light signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci. 172: 1062–1071.
Cong L., Zheng H.C., Zhang Y.X. & Chai T.Y. 2008. Arabidopsis DREB1A confers high salinity tolerance and regulates the expression of GA dioxygenases in tobacco. Plant Sci. 174: 156–164.
Durgbanshi A., Arbona V., Pozo O., Miersch O., Sancho J.V. & Gómez-Cadenas A. 2005. Simultaneous determination of multiple phytohormones in plant extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 8437–8442.
Eriksson M.E. & Moritz T. 2002. Daylength and spatial expression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase isolated from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.). Planta 214: 920–930.
Ensminger I., Busch F. & Huner N.P.A. 2006. Photostasis and cold acclimation:sensing low temperature through photosynthesis. Physiol. Plant. 126: 28–44.
Frisse A., Pimenta M.J. & Lange T. 2003. Expression studies of gibberellin oxidases in developing pumpkin seeds. Plant Physiol. 131: 1220–1227.
Fukuda A. & Tanaka Y. 2006. Effects of ABA, auxin, and gibberellin on the expression of genes for vacuolar H+-inorganic pyrophosphatase, H+-ATPase subunit A, and Na+/H+ antiporter in barley. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 44: 351–358.
Gallego-Giraldo L., Ubeda-Tomas S., Gisbert C., Garcia-Martinez J.L., Moritz T. & Lopez-Diaz I. 2008. Gibberellin homeostasis in tobacco is regulated by gibberellin metabolism genes with different gibberellin sensitivity. Plant Cell Physiol. 49: 679–690.
Garcia-Martinez J.L., Lopez-Diaz I., Sanchez-Beltran M.J., Phillips A.L., Ward D.A., Gaskin P. & Hedden P. 1997. Isolation and transcript analysis of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes in pea and bean in relation to fruit development. Plant Mol. Biol. 33: 1073–1084.
Goldman S., Mawal Y.R., Tanida I. & Wu R. 1994. Studies of a gibberellin-dependent DNA-binding protein related to the expression of a rice α-amylase gene. Plant Sci. 99: 75–88.
Gong P.B. 2001. Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment, Beijing, China, pp. 164–165.
González M.C. & Ceju F.J. 2007. Gibberellin-regulated expression of neutral and vacuolar invertase genes in petioles of sugar beet plants. Plant Sci. 172: 839–846.
Gu D., Liu X., Wang M., Zheng J., Hou W., Wang G. & Wang J. 2008. Overexpression of ZmOPR1 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to osmotic and salt stress during seed germination. Plant Sci. 174: 124–130.
Huang S., Anuradha S.R., Ream J.E., Fujiwara H., Cerny R.E. & Brown S.M. 1998. Overexpression of 20-oxidase confers a gibberellin-overproduction phenotype in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 118: 773–781.
Kim J.K., Chang M.C., Nahm B.H., Hwang Y.S. & Wu R. 1995. Isolation and characterization of a gibberellin-stimulated rice (Oryza sativa L.) gene encoding a protein that resembles a tumor suppressor. Plant Sci. 112: 75–84.
Kusaba S., Fukumoto M., Honda C., Yamaguchi I., Sakamoto T. & Kano-Murakami Y. 1998. Decreased GA1 content caused by the overexpression of OSH1 is accompanied by suppression of GA 20-oxidase gene expression. Plant Physiol. 117: 1179–1184.
Kusaba S., Honda C. & Kano-Murakami Y. 2001. Isolation and expression analysis of gibberellin 20-oxidase homologous gene in apple. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 375–376.
Lange T., Kappler J., Fischer A., Frisse A., Padeffke T., Schmidtke S. & Lange M.J. 2005. Gibberellin biosynthesis in developing pumpkin seedlings. Plant Physiol. 139: 213–223.
Lee D.J. & Zeevaart J.A. 2007. Regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase1 expression in spinach by photoperiod. Planta 226: 35–44.
Martin D.N., Proebsting W.M., Parks T.D., Dougherty W.G., Lange T., Lewis M.J., Gaskin P. & Hedden P 1996. Feed-back regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and gene expression in Pisum sativum L. Planta 200: 159–166.
Nanjo Y., Asatsuma S., Itoh K., Hori H., Mitsui T. & Fujisawa Y. 2004. Posttranscriptional regulation of α-amylase II-4 expression by gibberellin in germinating rice seeds. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42: 477–484.
Olszewski N., Sun T.P. & Gubler F. 2002. Gibberellin signaling: Biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. Plant Cell. 14: S61–S80.
Oka M., Tasaka Y., Iwabuchi M. & Mino M. 2001. Elevated sensitivity to gibberellin by vernalization in the vegetative rosette plants of Eustoma grandiflorum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci. 160: 1237–1245.
Phillips A.L. 1998. Gibberellins inArabidopsis. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 36: 115–124.
Rebers M., Kaneta T., Kawaide H., Yamaguchi S., Yang Y.Y., Imai R., Sekimoto H. & Kamiya Y. 1999. Regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis genes during flower and early fruit development of tomato. Plant J. 17: 241–250.
Sakamoto T., Miura K., Itoh H., Tatsumi T., Ueguchi-Tanaka M., Ishiyama K., Kobayashi M., Agrawal G.K., Takeda S., Abe K., Miyao A., Hirochika H., Kitano H., Ashikari M. & Matsuoka M. 2004. An overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice. Plant Physiol. 134: 1642–1653.
Sakamoto T., Koutarou M., Hironori I., Tomoko T., Miyako T.U., Masatomo K., Ganesh K.A., Shin T., Kiyomi A., Akio M., Hirohiko H., Hidemi K., Motoyuki A. & Makoto M. 2004. An Overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice. Plant Physiol. 134: 1642–1653.
Serrani J.C., Sanjuan R., Ruiz-Rivero O., Fos M. & Garcia-Martinez J.L. 2007. Gibberellin regulation of fruit set and growth in tomato. Plant Physiol. 145: 246–257.
Su W.R., Chen W.S., Koshioka M., Mander L.N., Hung L.S., Chen W.H., Fu Y.M. & Huang K.L. 2001. Changes in gibberellin levels in the flowering shoot of Phalaenopsis hybrida under high temperature conditions when flower development is blocked. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39: 45–50.
Valkonen J.P.T., Moritz T., Watanabe K.N. & Rokka V.M. 1999. Dwarf (di)haploid pito mutants obtained from a tetraploid potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) via anther culture are defective in gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Sci. 149: 51–57.
Verslues P.E., Agarwal M., Katiyar-Agarwal S., Zhu J.H. & Zhu J.K. 2006. Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status. Plant J. 45: 523–539.
Vidal A.M., Ben-Cheikh W., Talon M. & Garcia-Martinez J.L. 2003. Regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase gene expression and gibberellin content in citrus by temperature and citrus exocortis Fo viroid. Planta 217: 442–448.
Warren G., McKown R., Marin A.L. & Teutonico R. 1996. Isolation of mutations affecting the development of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant Physiol. 111: 1011–1019.
Wasilewska L.D., Bralczyk J. & Szczegielniak J. 1987. The role of gibberellin in regulation of dwarf plants development. Plant Sci. 53: 11–19.
Xu J., Lange T. & Altpeter F. 2002. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a multifunctional gibberellin 20-oxidase from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Sci 163: 147–155.
Yamaguchi S. 2008. Gibberellin Metabolism and its Regulation. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59: 225–251.
Yamaguchi S. & Kamiya Y. 2000. Gibberellin biosynthesis: Its regulation by endogenous and environmental signals. Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 251–257.
Yang G., Shen S., Yang S. & Komatsu S. 2003. OsCDPK13, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene from rice, is induced in response to cold and gibberellins. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 41: 369–374.
Yi S.Y., Kim J.H., Joung Y.H., Lee S., Kim W.T., Yu S.H. & Choi D. 2004. The pepper transcription factor CaPF1 confers pathogen and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 136: 2862–2874.
Zhang W.H. 2001. Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment. Beijing, China, pp. 260–261.
Zhang X., Fowler S.G., Cheng H., Lou Y., Rhee S.Y., Stockinger E.J. & Thomashow M.F. 2004. Freezing-sensitive tomato has a functional CBF cold response pathway, but a CBF regulon that differs from that of freezing-tolerant Arabidopsis. Plant J. 39: 905–919.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dai, X., Cheng, X., Li, Y. et al. Differential expression of gibberellin 20 oxidase gene induced by abiotic stresses in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Biologia 67, 681–688 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-012-0048-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-012-0048-3