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An enzyme family reunion — similarities, differences and eccentricities in actions on α-glucans

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  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
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Abstract

α-Glucans in general, including starch, glycogen and their derived oligosaccharides are processed by a host of more or less closely related enzymes that represent wide diversity in structure, mechanism, specificity and biological role. Sophisticated three-dimensional structures continue to emerge hand-in-hand with the gaining of novel insight in modes of action. We are witnessing the “test of time” blending with remaining questions and new relationships for these enzymes. Information from both within and outside of ALAMY_3 Symposium will provide examples on what the family contains and outline some future directions. In 2007 a quantum leap crowned the structural biology by the glucansucrase crystal structure. This initiates the disclosure of the mystery on the organisation of the multidomain structure and the “robotics mechanism” of this group of enzymes. The central issue on architecture and domain interplay in multidomain enzymes is also relevant in connection with the recent focus on carbohydrate-binding domains as well as on surface binding sites and their long underrated potential. Other questions include, how different or similar are glycoside hydrolase families 13 and 31 and is the lid finally lifted off the disguise of the starch lyase, also belonging to family 31? Is family 57 holding back secret specificities? Will the different families be sporting new “eccentric” functions, are there new families out there, and why are crystal structures of “simple” enzymes still missing? Indeed new understanding and discovery of biological roles continuously emphasize value of the collections of enzyme models, sequences, and evolutionary trees which will also be enabling advancement in design for useful and novel applications.

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Abbreviations

AMY1:

barley α-amylase 1

AMY2:

barley α-amylase 2

BASI:

barley α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor

CBM:

carbohydrate-binding module

β-CD:

β-cyclodextrin

DP:

degree of polymerization

GBD:

glucan-binding domain

GH:

glycoside hydrolase

GPI:

glycosylphosphatidylinositol

GWD:

glucan, water dikinase

SBD:

starch-binding domain

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bldg. 224, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    Eun-Seong Seo, Camilla Christiansen, Maher Abou Hachem, Morten M. Nielsen, Kenji Fukuda, Sophie Bozonnet & Birte Svensson

  2. Plant Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark

    Camilla Christiansen & Andreas Blennow

  3. Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark

    Kenji Fukuda & Sophie Bozonnet

  4. Laboratorie de BioCristallographie, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086-CNRS/Université de Lyon, IFR128 “BioSciences Gerland Lyon-Sud”, F-69367, Lyon, France

    Nushin Aghajari & Richard Haser

Authors
  1. Eun-Seong Seo
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  2. Camilla Christiansen
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  3. Maher Abou Hachem
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  4. Morten M. Nielsen
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  5. Kenji Fukuda
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  6. Sophie Bozonnet
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  7. Andreas Blennow
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  8. Nushin Aghajari
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  9. Richard Haser
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  10. Birte Svensson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Birte Svensson.

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Seo, ES., Christiansen, C., Abou Hachem, M. et al. An enzyme family reunion — similarities, differences and eccentricities in actions on α-glucans. Biologia 63, 967–979 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0164-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0164-2

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