Abstract
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyse nickel on anodic aluminium surfaces after stripping the anodic aluminium oxide. The metal was electroplated at the bottom of the pores of anodised aluminium during electrolytic colouring in solutions without (Watts) and with (citrate) complexing agents, respectively. A relation between the anodic-cathodic processes, changes of the structure and composition of the coating in dependence on the used solution were studied. A morphology study performed after stripping the anodic aluminium oxide revealed the crucial influence of the anodic process/cycle and the complexing agent on the nickel structure on the aluminium surface. Off-time of half-way rectified current influenced the nickel deposition in the pores of anodic alumina negatively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arurault, L., Salmi, J., & Bes, R. S. (2004). Comparison of AC voltage and periodic reverse current nickel pigmented anodized aluminium as solar selective absorber. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 82, 447–455. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.02.002.
Bockris, J. O’M., & Razumney, G. A. (1967). Fundamental aspects of electrocrystallization. New York: Plenum Press.
Bostrom, T., Wäckelgard, E., & Westin, G. (2003). Solution-chemical derived nickel-alumina coatings for thermal solar absorbers. Solar Energy, 74, 497–503. DOI: 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00199-3.
Brace, A. W., & Sheasby, P. G. (1979). The technology of anodizing aluminum. (2nd ed.). Stonehouse, UK: Technicopy Ltd.
Cegedur, G. P. (1973). GB Patent No. 1311972. London: The Patent Office.
Dionisio, R. (1983). US Patent No. 4421610. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Doughty, A. S., Thompson, G. E., Richardson, J. A., & Wood, G. C. (1975). Investigation of the electrolytic colouring of porous anodic films on aluminium using electron microscopy. Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing, 53, 33–39.
Fairchild, M. D. (2005). Color and image appearance models. Chichester: Wiley.
Furneaux, R. C. (1983). Use of electron microscopy in studies of electrolytically colored anodized aluminium. Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing, 61, 35–40.
Gedde, O. C. (1971). GB Patent No. 1257047. London: The Patent Office.
Henley, V. F. (1982). Anodic oxidation of aluminum and its alloys. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Kadirgan, F., Söhmen, M., Türe, I. E., Süzer, Ş., Wetherilt, J., & Yazar, A. (1997). An investigation on the optimisation of electrochemically pigmented aluminium oxide selective collector coatings. Renewable Energy, 10, 203–206. DOI: 10.1016/0960-1481(96)00064-X.
Landolt, D., & Marlot, A. (2003). Microstructure and composition of pulse-plated metals and alloys. Surface & Coatings Technology, 169–170, 8–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00042-2.
Nielsch, K., Müuller, F., Li, A.-P., & Gösele, U. (2000). Uniform nickel deposition into ordered alumina pores by pulsed electrodeposition. Advanced Materials, 12, 582–586. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(200004)12:8<582::AID-ADMA582>3.0.CO;2-3.
Salmi, J., Bonino, J.-P., & Bes, R. S. (2000). Nickel pigmented anodized aluminium as solar selective absorbers. Journal of Materials Science, 35, 1347–1351. DOI: 10.1023/A: 1004773821962.
Sato, T. (1991). Mechanism of electrolytic coloring of anodised aluminium. Plating Surface Finishing, 3, 70–73.
Sato, T., & Sakai, S. (1979). Electrolytic colouring of anodized aluminium with nickel sulphate. Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing, 57, 43–47.
Serebrennikova, I., Vanýsek, P., & Birss, V. I. (1997). Characterization of porous aluminum oxide films by metal electrodeposition. Electrochimica Acta, 42, 145–151. DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(96)00184-3.
Tsangaraki-Kaplanoglou, I., Theohari, S., Dimogerontakis, Th., Kallithrakas-Kontos, N., Wang, Y.-M., Kuo, H.-H., & Kia, S. (2006). An investigation of electrolytic coloring process of anodized aluminum coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 201, 2749–2759. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.05.027.
Wernick, S., Pinner, R., & Sheasby, P. G. (1987). The surface treatment and finishing of aluminum and its alloys (5th ed.). Teddington: Finishing Publications/ASM.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zemanová, M., Chovancová, M. & Krivošík, P. A new approach to nickel electrolytic colouring of anodised aluminium. Chem. Pap. 63, 62–70 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-008-0081-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-008-0081-4