Abstract
Synthesis of metal nanoparticles with specific properties is a newly established research area attracting a great deal of attention. Several methods have been put forward for synthesis of these materials, namely chemical vapor condensation, arc discharge, hydrogen plasma—metal reaction, and laser pyrolysis in the vapor phase, microemulsion, hydrothermal, sol-gel, sonochemical, and microbial processes taking place in the liquid phase, and ball milling carried out in the solid phase.
The properties of metal nanoparticles depend largely on their synthesis procedures. In this paper the fundamentals, advantages, and disadvantages of each synthesis method are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Glenn, J. C., Technol. Forecast. Soc. 73, 128 (2006).
Burda, C., Chen, X., Narayanan, R., and El-Sayed, M. A., Chem. Rev. 105, 1025 (2005).
Huang, W. C. and Lue, J. T., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 58, 1529 (1997).
Huang, W. C. and Lue, J. T., Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 59, 69 (1999).
Lue, J. T., Huang, W. C., and Ma, S. K., Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 51, 14570 (1995).
Capek, I., Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 110, 49 (2004).
Liu, T., Leng, Y. H., and Li, X. G., Solid State Commun. 125, 391 (2003).
Liu, T., Shao, H. Y., and Li, X. G., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15, 2507 (2003).
Lane, R., Craig, B., and Babcock, W., AMPTIAC 6, 31 (2002).
Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry (Klabunde, K. J., Editor). Chapter 4. Wiley, New York, 2001.
Nanoscale Materials (Liz-Marzan, L. M. and Kamat, P. V., Editors), p. 81. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2003.
Olah, G. A. and Laureate, N., in Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology (Nalwa, H. S. Editor). Vol. 1, p. 3. Academic Press, San Diego, 2000.
Gonsalves, K. E., Li, H., Perez, R., Santiago, P., and Jose-Yacaman, M., Coord. Chem. Rev. 206, 607 (2000).
Suslick, K. S. and Price, G. J., Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 29, 295 (1999).
Tjong, S. C. and Chen, H., Mater. Sci. Eng., R 45, 1 (2004).
Huber, D. L., Small 1, 482 (2005).
Daniel, M. C. and Astruc, D., Chem. Rev. 104, 293 (2004).
Nano-Powders: Organization of the Disordered/Nanocluster Nucleation, Chapter 1, http://www.eng.uc.edu/:_gbeaucag/Classes/Nanopowders/Chapter_1_html/Chapter_1.html
Marvast, M. A., Sohrabi, M., Zarrinpashne, S., and Baghmisheh, G., Chem. Eng. Technol. 28, 78 (2005).
Marvast, M. A., Sohrabi, M., Zarrinpashne, S., and Baghmisheh, G., Gasoline Production from Syngas: Fixed Bed FT Reactor Study, CHEMCA 2004, Sydney, 2004.
Mahajan, D., Gutlich, P., Ensling, J., Pandya, K., Stumm, U., and Vijayaraghavan, P., Energy Fuels 17, 1210 (2003).
Mahajan, D., Gutlich, P., and Stumm, U., Catal. Commun. 4, 101 (2003).
Lopez-Perez, J. A., Lopez-Quintela, M. A., Mira, J., Rivas, J., and Charles, S. W., J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 8045 (1997).
Tavakoli, A., Sohrabi, M., and Kargari, A., Preparation of Iron Nanoparticles and Study on their Catalytic Properties in Fischer—Tropsch Process, Report No. 61/160. Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 2005.
Champion, Y., Guerin-Mailly, S., Bonnentien, J. L., and Langlois, P., Scr. Mater. 44, 1609 (2001).
Sanders, P. G., Eastman, J. A., and Weertman, J. R., Acta Mater. 45, 4019 (1997).
Chang, W., Skandan, G., Danforth, S. C., Kear, B. H., and Hahn, H., Nanostruct. Mater. 4, 507 (1994).
Li, D., Choi, C. J., Yu, J. H., Kim, B. K., and Zhang, Z. D., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 283, 8 (2004).
Wang, Z. H., Choi, C. J., Kim, B. K., Kim, J. C., and Zhang, Z. D., J. Alloys Compd. 351, 319 (2003).
Chang, W., Skandan, G., Hahn, H., Danforth, S. C., and Kear, B. H., Nanostruct. Mater. 4, 345 (1994).
Choi, C. J., Tolochko, O., and Kim, B. K., Mater. Lett. 56, 289 (2002).
Choi, C. J., Dong, X. L., and Kim, B. K., Scr. Mater. 44, 2225 (2001).
Wang, Z. H., Choi, C. J., Kim, B. K., Kim, J. C., and Zhang, Z. D., Carbon 41, 1751 (2003).
Li, D., Choi, C. J., Kim, B. K., and Zhang, Z. D., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 277, 64 (2004).
Wang, Z. H., Choi, C. J., Kim, J. C., Kim, B. K., and Zhang, Z. D., Mater. Lett. 57, 3560 (2003).
Choi, C. J., Kim, B. K., Tolochko, O., and Da, L., Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 5, 487 (2003).
Dong, X. L., Choi, C. J., and Kim, B. K., Scr. Mater. 47, 857 (2002).
Kim, T. S., Sun, W., Choi, C. J., and Lee, B. T., Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 5, 481 (2003).
Fung, K. K., Qin, B., and Zhang, X. X., Mater. Sci. Eng., A 286, 135 (2000).
Lee, D. W., Yu, J. H., Jang, T. S., and Kim, B. K., Mater. Lett. 59, 2124 (2005).
Oh, S. J., Choi, C. J., Kwon, S. J., Jin, S. H., Kim, B. K., and Park, J. S., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 280, 147 (2004).
Wang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. D., Choi, C. J., and Kim, B. K., J. Alloys Compd. 361, 289 (2003).
Dravid, V. P., Host, J. J., Teng, M. H., Elliott, B., Hwang, J. H., Johnson, D. L., Mason, T. O., and Weertman, J. R., Nature 374, 602 (1995).
Harris, P. J. F. and Tsang, S. C., Carbon 36, 1859 (1998).
Wu, W. Z., Zhu, Z. P., Liu, Z. Y., Xie, Y. I., Zhang, J., and Hu, T. D., Carbon 41, 317 (2003).
Chen, C. P., Chang, T. H., and Wang T. F., Ceram. Int. 28, 925 (2002).
Ajayan, P. M., Chem. Rev. 99, 1787 (1999).
Wang, Y. H., Chiu, S. C., Lin, K. M., and Li, Y. Y., Carbon 42, 2535 (2004).
Kajiura, H., Huang, H. J., Tsutsui, S., Murakami, Y., and Miyakoshi, M., Carbon 40, 2423 (2002).
Osvath, Z., Koos, A. A., Horvath, Z. E., Gyulai, J., Benito, A. M., Martinez, M. T., Maser, W., and Biro, L. P., Mater. Sci. Eng., C 23, 561 (2003).
Sano, N., Wang, H. L., Chhowalla, M., Alexandrou, I., Amaratunga, G. A. J., Naito, M., and Kanki, T., Chem. Phys. Lett. 368, 331 (2003).
Ohno, S. and Uda, M., Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met. 48, 640 (1984).
Liu, T., Shao, H. Y., and Li, X. G., Nanotechnology 14, L1 (2003).
Shao, H. Y., Wang, Y. T., Xu, H. R., and Li, X. G., Mater. Sci. Eng., B 110, 221 (2004).
Grimes, C. A., Qian, D., Dickey, E. C., Allen, J. L., and Eklund, P. C., J. Appl. Phys. 87, 5642 (2000).
David, B., Pizurova, N., Schneeweiss, O., Bezdicka, P., Morjan, I., and Alexandrescu, R., J. Alloys Compd. 378, 112 (2004).
Dumitrache, F., Morjan, I., Alexandrescu, R., Ciupina, V., Prodan, G., Voicu, I., Fleaca, C., Albu, L., Savoiu, M., Sandu, I., Popovici, E., and Soare, I., Appl. Surf. Sci. 247, 25 (2005).
Martelli, S., Mancini, A., Giorgi, R., Alexandrescu, R., Cojocaru, S., Crunteanu, A., Voicu, I., Balu, M., and Morjan, I., Appl. Surf. Sci. 154, 353 (2000).
Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S., Bomati-Miguel, O., and Morales, M. P., Scr. Mater. 47, 589 (2002).
Paul, B. K. and Moulik, S. P., J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 18, 301 (1997).
Gutmann, H. and Kertes, A. S., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 51, 406 (1973).
Liu, J., Kim, A. Y., Wang, L. Q., Palmer, B. J., Chen, Y. L., Bruinsma, P., Bunker, B. C., Exarhos, G. J., Graff, G. L., Rieke, P. C., Fryxell, G. E., Virden, J. W., Tarasevich, B. J., and Chick, L. A., Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 69, 131 (1996).
Wang, C. Y., Jiqng, W. Q., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y. N., and Chen, Z. Y., Mater. Res. Bull. 35, 53 (2000).
Ji, M., Chen, X., Wai, C. M., and Fulton, J. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 2631 (1999).
Ohde, H., Hunt, F., and Wai, C. M., Chem. Mater. 13, 4130 (2001).
Li, F., Vipulanandan, C., and Mohanty, K. K., Colloids Surf., A 223, 103 (2003).
Xu, Z. Z., Wang, C. C., Yang, W. L., Deng, Y. H., and Fu, S. K., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 277, 136 (2004).
Deng, Y., Wang, L., Yang, W., Fu, S., and Elaissari, A., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 257, 69 (2003).
Tartaj, P. and Tartaj, J., Chem. Mater. 14, 536 (2002).
Santra, S., Tapec, R., Theodoropoulou, N., Dobson, J., Hebard, A., and Tan, W. H., Langmuir 17, 2900 (2001).
Yoshimura, M. and Somiya, S., Mater. Chem. Phys. 61, 1 (1999).
Cote, L. J., Teja, A. S., Wilkinson, A. P., and Zhang, Z. J., Fluid Phase Equilib. 210, 307 (2003).
Lee, J. S. and Choi, S. C., Mater. Lett. 58, 390 (2004).
Giri, S., Samanta, S., Maji, S., Ganguli, S., and Bhaumik, A., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 285, 296 (2005).
Chen, Z. Z., Shi, E. W., Li, W. J., Zheng, Y. Q., and Zhong, W. Z., Mater. Lett. 55, 281 (2002).
Mishra, D., Anand, S., Panda, R. K., and Das, R. P., Mater. Chem. Phys. 86, 132 (2004).
Ataie, A., Priamoon, M. R., Harris, I. R., and Ponton, C. B., J. Mater. Sci. 30, 5600 (1995).
Zhang, D. S., Yoshida, T., Furuta, K., and Minoura, H., J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 164, 159 (2004).
Tani, E., Yoshimura, M., and Somiya, S., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66, 11 (1983).
Dawson, W. J., Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 67, 1673 (1988).
Pivin, J. C. and Vincent, E., in Physics, Chemistry and Applications of Nanostructures: Reviews and Short Notes to Nanomeeting 2003 Minsk (Borisenko, V. E., Gaponenko, S. V., and Gurin, V. S., Editors), p. 285. World Scientific Publishing, London, 2003.
Nagineni, V. S., Zhao, S. H., Potluri, A., Liang, Y., Siriwardane, U., Seetala, N. V., Fang, J., Palmer, J., and Kuila, D., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44, 5602 (2005).
Hseih, C. T., Huang, W. L., and Lue, J. T., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 63, 733 (2002).
Lu, Y., Yin, Y. D., Mayers, B. T., and Xia, Y. N., Nano Lett. 2, 183 (2002).
Santos, A., Ardisson, J. D., Tambourgi, E. B., and Macedo, W. A. A., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177, 247 (1998).
Ennas, G., Musinu, A., Piccaluga, G., Zedda, D., Gatteschi, D., Sangregorio, C., Stanger, J. L., Concas, G., and Spano, G., Chem. Mater. 10, 495 (1998).
Bruni, S., Cariati, F., Casu, M., Lai, A., Musinu, A., Piccaluga, G., and Solinas, S., Nanostruct. Mater. 11, 573 (1999).
Suslick, K. S., Choe, S. B., Cichowlas, A. A., and Grinstaff, M. W., Nature 353, 414 (1991).
Suslick, K. S., Hyeon, T., Fang, M., and Cichowlas, A. A., in Advanced Catalysts and Nanostructured Materials (Moser, W. R., Editor), Chapter 8. Academic Press, New York, 1996.
Khalil, H., Mahajan, D., Rafailovich, M., Gelfer, M., and Pandya, K., Langmuir 20, 6896 (2004).
Pol, V. G., Motiei, M., Gedanken, A., Calderon-Moreno, J., and Mastai, Y., Chem. Mater. 15, 1378 (2003).
Vijayakumar, R., Koltypin, Y., Felner, I., and Gedanken, A., Mater. Sci. Eng., A 286, 101 (2000).
Gedanken, A., Ultrason. Sonochem. 11, 47 (2004).
Shafi, K. V. P. M., Ulman, A., Yan, X. Z., Yang, N. L., Estournes, C., White, H., and Rafailovich, M., Langmuir 17, 5093 (2001).
Roh, Y., Lauf, R. J., McMillan, A. D., Zhang, C., Rawn, C. J., Bai, J., and Phelps, T. J., Solid State Commun. 118, 529 (2001).
Tsang, S. C., Qiu, J. S., Harris, P. J. F., Fu, Q. J., and Zhang, N., Chem. Phys. Lett. 322, 553 (2000).
Janot, R. and Guerard, D., J. Alloys Compd. 333, 302 (2002).
Pithawalla, Y. B., El Shall, M. S., and Deevi, S. C., Intermetallics 8, 1225 (2000).
Murty, B. S. and Ranganathan, S., Int. Mater. Rev. 43, 101 (1998).
Chin, P. P., Ding, J., Yi, J. B., and Liu, B. H., J. Alloys Compd. 390, 255 (2005).
Wu, J. M., Mater. Lett. 48, 324 (2001).
Rawers, J. and Cook, D., Nanostruct. Mater. 11, 331 (1999).
Joseyphus, R. J., Narayanasamy, A., Nigam, A. K., and Krishnan, R., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 296, 57 (2006).
Zhan, Z. L., He, Y. D., Wang, D. R., and Gao, W., Intermetallics 14, 75 (2006).
Kalyanaraman, R., Yoo, S., Krupashankara, M. S., Sudarshan, T. S., and Dowding, R. J., Nanostruct. Mater. 10, 1379 (1998).
Yu, J. H., Lee, J. S., and Ahn, K. H., Scr. Mater. 44, 2213 (2001).
Kim, J. C. and Kim, B. K., Scr. Mater. 50, 969 (2004).
Yu, J. H., Kim, S. Y., Lee, J. S., and Ahn, K. H., Nanostruct. Mater. 12, 199 (1999).
Lester, E., Blood, P., Denyer, J., Giddings, D., Azzopardi., B., and Poliakoff, M., J. Supercrit. Fluids 37, 209 (2006).
Srivastava, D. N., Perkas, N., Gedanken, A., and Felner, I., J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 1878 (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tavakoli, A., Sohrabi, M. & Kargari, A. A review of methods for synthesis of nanostructured metals with emphasis on iron compounds. Chem. Pap. 61, 151–170 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-007-0014-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-007-0014-7