Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical presentation and types of treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the province of Ilam (Western Iran) in 5 years (from May 2013 to January 2018). This cross-sectional study involved patients diagnosed with CL who were referred to Mehran City Health center.
Methods
All patients were diagnosed by clinical and parasitological (Giemsa staining of lesion to observe the parasite) methods. Moreover, a structured questionnaire on demographic data including age, sex, occupation, number and site of the lesions, treatment regimen was administered to each case.
Results
In total, 2001 positive CL cases were observed in this study. The highest prevalence of CL was reported in the autumn season and mainly among male subjects residing in urban communities. The prevalence of CL varied with the age group: higher in the age group of 1–10 years than other groups. Besides, hands and faces were the most affected regions of the body. Most of the cases (47.35%) were managed by topical treatment (glucantime) and cryotherapy followed by systemic treatment (pentavalent antimony) 26.85%.
Conclusions
The prevalence of disease varied with age, increasing the prevalence rate in children due to their habitats, the highest prevalence in autumn due to climatic conditions. These findings help to better discuss the prevention and treatment of infections.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to the health center staff and all those who participated in the project in the province of Ilam.
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Study concept and design: NR, AI, VR, MG acquisition of data: AR, MN, analysis and interpretation or manuscript writing and revision: AI, VR, AT.
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Conflicts of Interest Statement
The authors and coauthors declare that they have no conflict of interest that affects this study.
Ethical Approval
An approval was taken from the Ethical Committee, of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Consent was taken from all the participants or their guardians before being enrolled in the study. All were informed of the purpose of the collection of samples, sharing in the study was selective.
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Rezaee, N., Raissi, V., Rajaeipour, A. et al. Epidemiology, Associated Factors and Treatment Methods of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Previous Data from 2013 to 2018 in Ilam, Western Iran. Acta Parasit. 65, 760–767 (2020). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00198-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00198-y