Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seasonal Dynamics of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections of Goats and Emergence of Ivermectin Resistance in Haemonchus contortus in Hubei Province, China

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Parasitologica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a major constraint to the survival and productivity of animals. In southern China, goats are the most important small domestic ruminants.

Methods

From May 2013 to May 2017, we conducted a longitudinal study of hircine GIN infections in Huangshantou Town, Gongan County, Hubei Province, China, using fecal egg counts.

Results

Our investigation revealed that the GINs of goats in Hubei Province have changed significantly. Over 90% of eggs detected in the first month of investigation, May 2013, belonged to the species Haemonchus contortus and Chabertia sp. There was no seasonal variation in positive rates (PRs) of GINs, but the mean eggs per gram (EPG) of GINs were higher between April and July than between September and November (P < 0.05). The gradual increase in the percentage of H. contortus eggs among all detected eggs during our research and the low cure rate of IVM mass treatment revealed the emergence of IVM resistance in H. contortus. After the implementation of an integrated GIN control strategy, which included two mass treatments (one in April/May with ABZ and another in September/October with IVM + ABZ), in 2016 and 2017, both the PRs and EPG of GINs were significantly reduced.

Conclusion

The results presented here reveal that controlling GINs of small ruminants in small farms in southern China requires an integrated control strategy that should include monitoring of infection and anthelmintic resistance, and increased farmer education on the importance of using the appropriate drugs at the correct dose.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cao J, Shen J, Ye M, Xu H, He G (1996) Prevention and control of hircine helminthiasis in Bailihuang farms, Hubei Province. Chin J Vet Parasitol 4:10–13 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FH, Geerts S, Klei TR, Taylor MA et al (1992) World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol 44:35–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hoste H, Sotiraki S, Landau S, Jackson F, Beveridge I (2010) Goat-nematode interactions: think differently. Trends Parasitol 26:376–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2010.04.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Khajuria JK, Katoch R, Yadaw A, Godara R, Gupta SK, Singh A (2013) Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in sheep and goats of middle agro-climatic zone of Jammu province. J Parasit Dis 37:21–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0122-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Menkir MS, Arvid U, Peter JW (2007) Epidemiology and seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal nematode infections of sheep in a semi-arid region of eastern Ethiopia. Vet Parasitol 143:311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Miller JE, Bahirathan M, Lemarie SL, Hembry FG, Kearney MT, Barras SR (1998) Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in Suffolk and Gulf Coast Native sheep with special emphasis on relative susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus infection. Vet Parasitol 74:55–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nginyi JM, Duncan JL, Mellor DJ, Stear LJ, Wanyangu SW, Bain RK et al (2001) Epidemiology of parasitic gastrointestinal nematode infections of ruminants on smallholder farms in central Kenya. Res Vet Sci 70:33–39. https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.2000.0438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Odoi A, Gathuma JM, Gachuiri CK, Omore A (2007) Risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections in small ruminants kept in smallholder mixed farms in Kenya. BMC Vet Res 3:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-3-6

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Peng M (2008) Control strategies of helminthiasis in goats and cattle. Vet Sciences 32:51–52 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Perry BD, Randolph RFMC, Dermott JJ, Sones KR, Thornton PK (2002) Investing in animal health research to alleviate poverty. In: Research proceedings. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, p 148

  11. Qing ST, Shu XL, Hu SG (2001) Investigation of helminth infections in cattle and sheep in Huaihua. Hunan J Anim Sci Vet Med 6:18–19 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Shen J, Ye M, Chen Y, He G, Liu J (1994) Seasonal dynamic of nematodes in sheep and lavae on pasture from Houshaoping farm, Hubei Province. Chin J Vet Parasitol 2:10–15 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Thienpont D, Rochette F, Vanparijs OFJ (1979) Dianosing helminthiasis through coprological examination. Janssen Research Foundation, Beers, pp 45–69

    Google Scholar 

  14. Waller P (2006) Sustainable nematode parasite control strategies for ruminant livestock by grazing management and biological control. Anim Feed Sci Technol 126:277–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Waller P, Thamsborg S (2004) Nematode control in green ruminant production systems. Trends Parasitol 20:493–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2004.07.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Waruiru RM, Mbuthia PG, Kimoro CO (1993) Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and liver flukes in calves in Mathira Division of Nyeri District, Kenya. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr 41:177–180

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang QY (2010) Progress of seasonality of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep and goat. Chin Livest Poult Breed 5:145–147 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang RX (2009) A primary study on the comprehensive control hircine helminthiasis in Xichang area. J Xichang College (Nat Sci Ed) 23:17–18 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang Y, Wang GL (2013) Scientific prevention and control of sheep helminthiasis. Xinjing Xu Mu Ye 1:41–42 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant Number 201303037), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31572218). We thank the veterinary professionals and agricultural workers of Gongan County for their assistance in collecting fecal samples. We thank International Science Editing (http://www.internationalscienceediting.com) for editing this manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Wei Yuan, Ke Lu, and Hao Li contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis Control/Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Yuan, Ke Lu, Hao Li, Jinming Liu, Chuanchuan He, Jintao Feng, Xin Zhang, Yudan Mao, Yang Hong, Yamei Jin & Jiaojiao Lin

  2. Hubei Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430064, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Zhou

  3. Gongan County Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jingzhou, 434300, People’s Republic of China

    Jun Lu

Authors
  1. Wei Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ke Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hao Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jinming Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chuanchuan He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jintao Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yudan Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Yang Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yu Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Jun Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Yamei Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Jiaojiao Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jinming Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yuan, W., Lu, K., Li, H. et al. Seasonal Dynamics of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections of Goats and Emergence of Ivermectin Resistance in Haemonchus contortus in Hubei Province, China. Acta Parasit. 64, 638–644 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00067-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00067-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation