Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Has brief counselling an impact on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 40-year-old men. A three-year follow-up study

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Central European Journal of Medicine

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome presents a serious challenge to health professionals. The aim of the present study is to analyze the impact of a brief counselling on cardiovascular risk factors among 40-year-old men. Forty-six males living in north-eastern Helsinki voluntarily completed the follow-up study between 2001 and 2004, and were assessed for clinical risk factors. The mean differences were determined by a paired t-test, and the interaction between groups and time by the F-test with repeated measures ANOVA. After baseline assessment and in 2002, males received a 45 minute nurse-delivered counselling session with self-administered protocol. Cardiovascular risk factors improved significantly (p<0.05) from baseline within months. However, the final measurements obtained after three years showed that almost all risk factors, except the low and high density lipoprotein, tended to revert back to baseline. The profiles were similar in all predictor groups. Brief counselling had an impact on risk factors measured in 2002, but only a partial effect on them in 2004. Conclusive results lead to the idea thatmore collaboration is needed between private health care agencies and official primary health care for ensuring the continuity of improved health habits among middle-aged males.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zimmet P., Alberti M., Shaw J., Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic, Nature 2001, 414, 782–787

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lakka H.M., Laaksonen D.E., Lakka, T.A., Niskanen L.K., Kumpusalo E., Tuomilehto J., Salonen J.T., The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men, JAMA 2002, 288, 2709–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., Zimmet P.Z., The metabolic syndrome, Lancet 2005, 365, 1415–1428

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sowers J.R., Recommendations for special populations: Diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome, Am. J. Hypertens. 2003, 16, 41–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wannamethee S.G., Shaper A.G., Walker M., Overweight and obesity and weight change in middle aged men: impact on cardiovascular disease and diabetes, J. Epidemiol. Commun. H. 2005, 59, 134–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hu G., Quiao Q., Tuomilehto J., Balkau B., Borch-Johnsen K., Pyörälä K., Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and woman. Arch. Intern. Med. 2002, 164, 1066–1076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Weinbrenner T., Schroder H., Escurriol V., Fito M., Elosua R., Vila J., Marrugat J., Covas M.I., Circulating oxidized LDL is associated with increased waist circumference independent of body mass index in men and women, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 83, 30–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tones K., Tilford S., Robinson Y., Health Education: Effectiveness and efficiency, Chapman & Hall, London, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bertholet N., Daeppen J.B., Wietlisbach V., Fleming M., Burnand M., Reduction of Alcohol Consumption by Brief Alcohol Intervention in Primary Care: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Arch. Intern. Med., 2005, 165, 986–995

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Aalto M., Seppä K., Mattila P. Mustonen H, Ruuth K, Hyvärinen H, et al., Brief intervention for heavy drinkers in routine general practice: a three-year randomized controlled study, Alcohol Alcohol. 2001, 36, 224–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fleming M.F., Mundt M.P., French M.T., Manwell L.B., Stauffacher E.A., Barry K.L., Brief physician advice for problem drinkers: long-term efficacy and benefit-cost analysis. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2002, 26, 36–43

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Berkel T.F., Boersma H., Roos-Hesselink J.W., Erdman R.A., Simoons M.L.. Impact of smoking cessation and smoking interventions in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur. Heart. J. 1999, 20, 1773–82

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Helakorpi S., Uutela A., Prättälä R., Puska P., Health behaviour and health among Finnish adult population, Publications of National Health Institute, Hakapaino Oy, Helsinki, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wood D., European and American recommendations for coronary heart disease prevention, Eur. Heart. J. 1998, 19, 12–9

    Google Scholar 

  15. World Health Organization, Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation Group, Geneva, World Health Organisation, Tech. Rep. Ser, 894, 2000

  16. Manderbacka K., Lahelma E., Martikainen P., Examining the continuity of self-rated health, Int. J. Epidemiol. 1998, 27, 208–213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kivimäki M., Head J., Ferrie J.E., Hemingway H., Shipley M.J., Vahtera J., Marmot M.G., Working while as ill as a risk factor for serious coronary events: The Whitehall II Study, Am. J. Public Health 2005, 95, 98–102

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Näslindh-Ylispangar A., Sihvonen M., Vanhanen H., Kekki P., Self-rated health and risk factors for metabolic syndrome among middle-aged men, Public Health Nurs. 2005, 22, 515–522

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Munro C., Statistical methods for health care research, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  20. Vickers A.J., Altman D.G., Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements, BMJ 2001, 327, 1123–1124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Vickers A.J., How many repeated measures in repeated measures. Statistical issues for comparative trials, 2003, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/3/22

  22. Cook N.R., Cohen J., Hebert P.R., Taylor J.O., Hennekens C.H., Implications of small reductions in diastolic blood pressure for primary prevention, Arch. Intern. Med. 1995, 155, 701–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Prochaska J.O., Velicer W.F., Rossi J.S., et. al., Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviours, Health Psychol. 1994, 13, 39–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Prochaska J.O., Velicer W.F., The transtheoretical model of health behaviour change, Am. J. Health Prom. 1997, 12, 38–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Velicer W.F., Prochaska J.O., Fava J.L., Norman G.J., Redding C. A., Smoking cessation and stress management: Applications of the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Homeostasis 1998, 38, 216–233

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kukkonen-Harjula K.T., Borg P.T., Nenonen A.M., Fogelholm M.G., Effects of a weight maintenance program with or without exercise on the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial in obese men, Prev. Med. 2005, 41, 784–90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Jurca R., Lamonte M.J., Barlow C.E., Kampert J.B., Church T.S., Blair S.N., Association of muscular strength with incidence of metabolic syndrome in men, Med. Sci. Sport. Exer. 2005, 37, 1849–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Näslindh-Ylispangar A, Dihvonen M., Kekki P., Health, utilization of health services, ‘core’ information, and reasons for non-participation. A triangulation study amongst non-respondents, Journal of Clinical Nursing 2008 (in press)

  29. Hoeymans N., Feskens E.J., Van Den Bos G.A., Kromhout D., Non-response bias in a study of cardiovascular diseases, functional status and selfrated health among elderly men. Age Ageing 1998, 27, 35–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weissman M.M., Klerman G.L., Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression, Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 1997, 34, 98–111

    Google Scholar 

  31. Courtenay W.H., Behavioral factors associated with disease, injury, and death among men: Evidence and implications for prevention, The Journal of Men’s Studies 2000, 9, 81–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Galdas P., Cheater F., Marshall P., Men and healthseeking behaviour: literature review, JAN 2005, 49, 616–623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Griffiths S., Men’s health: unhealthy lifestyles and unwillingness to seek medical help, BMJ 1996, 312, 69–70

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Barton A., Men’s health: a cause for concern, Nurs. Stand. 2000, 15, 47–52

    Google Scholar 

  35. Renders C.M., Valk G.D., Griffin S.J., Wagner E.H., Eijk Van J.T., Assendelft W.J., Interventions to improve the management of diabetes in primary care, outpatient, and community settings: a systematic review, Diabetes Care 2001, 10, 1821–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Anita Näslindh-Ylispangar, Marja Sihvonen & Pertti Kekki

  2. Department of Public Health at University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Seppo Sarna

  3. Heart District of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Hannu Vanhanen

Authors
  1. Anita Näslindh-Ylispangar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marja Sihvonen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seppo Sarna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hannu Vanhanen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Pertti Kekki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anita Näslindh-Ylispangar.

About this article

Cite this article

Näslindh-Ylispangar, A., Sihvonen, M., Sarna, S. et al. Has brief counselling an impact on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 40-year-old men. A three-year follow-up study. cent.eur.j.med 3, 300–307 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11536-008-0034-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11536-008-0034-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation