Skip to main content
Log in

Taxonomy of Gentiana, section Pneumonanthae, in eastern North America

  • Published:
Brittonia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The taxonomy ofGentiana (Gentianaceae), sect.Pneumonanthae, in eastern North America is reviewed. Two species and one variety recognized in recent literature are reduced to synonymy, while one overlooked variety is restored to recognition. Distributional data include several reductions in range resulting from examination of previously misidentified specimens. Thirteen species are native to eastern North America; all are restricted to it. Of these, three are primarily prairie species; three, Appalachian; three, coastal plain; two, southern plateau; one, eastern boreal; and one, Great Lakes region to central boreal. Interfertility and occasional natural hybridization are present even among the most morphologically diverse species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Chapman, A. W. 1860. Flora of the southern United States. Ivison, Phinney, & Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, R. T. 1941. Studies in the Gentianaceae:Gentiana, section Pneumonanthe, subsection Angustifoliae. Bull. Torrey Club68: 660–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. An ordination of plant communities. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farwell, O. A. 1923. Notes on the Michigan flora. Part IV. Pap. Mich. Acad.1: 85–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1929. Contributions to the botany of Michigan, No. 16. Miscellany. Am. Midl. Nat.11: 261–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernald, M. L. 1917.Gentiana clausa a valid species. Rhodora19: 147–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1935. Critical plants of the upper Great Lakes region of Ontario and Michigan. Rhodora37: 197–222, 238–262, 272–301, 324–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1939. Last survivors in the flora of tidewater Virginia. Rhodora41: 465–504, 529–559, 564–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1942. Some color forms ofGentiana porphyrio. Rhodora44: 151–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1947. Additions to and subtractions from the flora of Virginia. Rhodora49: 85–115, 121–142, 145–159, 175–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1950. A small fascicle of novelties. IV. The autumnal perennial gentian of the desert. Rhodora52: 68–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillett, J. M. 1957. A revision of the North American species ofGentianella Moench. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.44: 195–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • -. 1963. The gentians of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. Research Branch, Canada Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa, Publ. 1180.

  • Gleason, H. A. 1922. The vegetational history of the Middle West. Assoc. Am. Geogr. Ann.12: 39–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, A. 1848. A manual of the botany of the northern United States… 1st ed. James Munroe & Co., Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1858. A manual of the botany of the northern United States… Revised [2nd] ed. Ivison & Phinney, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1867. A manual of the botany of the northern United States… 5th ed. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, & Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1878. Synoptical flora of North America. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, & Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1887. Contributions to American botany. 3. Miscellanea. Proc. Am. Acad.22: 308–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grisebach, A. H. R. 1838. Gentianeae Juss.In Hooker, W. J., Flora Boreali-Americana2: 54–71. Henry G. Bohn, London. [Reprinted 1960 as Hist. Nat. Class. 5. H. R. Engelmann (J. Cramer), Weinheim, and Wheldon & Wesley, Codicote.]

  • -.1839. Genera et species Gentianearum. J. G. Cotta, Stuttgart and Tübingen.

  • —. 1845. Gentianaceae.In Candolle, A. P. de, & A. L. P. de Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis…9: 38–141. Victor Masson, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • House, H. D. 1910. Notes on a collection of plants from western North Carolina. Muhlenbergia6: 73–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, C. W. 1961. Endemism in Florida. Brittonia13: 225–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, O. E. 1947. A new variety ofGentiana saponaria. Castanea12: 57–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1953. Wild flowers of western Pennsylvania and the upper Ohio Basin. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kusnezow, N. J. 1895.Gentiana Tournef.In Engler, A., & K. Prantl, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien4(2): 80–86. Wilhelm Engelmann, Liepzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1896–1904. Subgenus Eugentiana Kusnez. generisGentiana Tournef. Acta Horti Petrop.15: 1–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemmon, W. P. 1936. A new gentian from Georgia. Bartonia17: 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1938. Another new gentian from Georgia. Bartonia19: 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsey, A. A. 1940. Floral anatomy in the Gentianaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.27: 640–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Link, H. F. 1821. Enumeratio plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis altera. G. Reimer, Berlin.

  • Louis-Marie, Father. 1960. Cas d’introgression dans la flore du Québec. Revue Oka34: 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961. Dynamisme de la flore du Québec. Revue Oka35: 111–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löve, D. 1953. Cytotaxonomical remarks on the Gentianaceae. Hereditas39: 225–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacNab, J. 1835. Account of some of the rarer plants observed during an excursion in the United States and the Canadas in 1834. Edinb. New Philos. Jour.19: 56–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, C. T., Jr. 1959. A hybrid among the perennial gentians. Brittonia10: 40–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muhlenberg, G. H. E. 1813. Catalogus plantarum Americae Septentrionalis… Hamilton, Lancaster.

  • Necker, N. J. de. 1790. Elementa botanica… Soc. Typographica, Neuwied.

  • Nelson, A. 1913. Contributions from the Rocky Mountain Herbarium XIII. Bot. Gaz.56: 63–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennell, F. W. 1919. Notes on plants of the southern United States—V. Bull. Torrey Club46: 183–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, T. C. 1899.Gentiana alba Muhl. Bull. Torrey Club16: 53–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringle, J. S. 1965a. Preliminary reports on the flora of Wisconsin. No. 52.Gentiana hybrids in Wisconsin. Trans. Wis. Acad.53: 273–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965b. The white gentian of the prairies. Mich. Bot.4: 43–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1966.Gentiana puberulenta sp. nov., a known but unnamed species of the North American prairies. Rhodora68: 209–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &A. J. Sharp. 1964.Gentiana austromontana, a new species from the Southern Appalachians. Rhodora66: 402–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rafinesque, C. S. 1828-1830. Medical flora… Atkinson & Alexander, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1837–1838. Flora telluriana. Publ. by the author, Philadelphia. (Photolith. 1946. Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge.)

  • Rork, C. L. 1949. Cytological studies in the Gentianaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.36: 687–701.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, P. B. 1932. Postglacial climate in eastern North America. Ecology13: 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sims, J. 1816.Gentiana incarnata. Lyon’s gentian. Bot. Mag.43: no. 1856.

  • -. 1822.Gentiana intermedia. Intermediate gentian. Bot. Mag. 49: no. 2303.

  • Toyokuni, H. 1963. Conspectus Gentianacearum Japonicarum. A general view of the Gentianaceae indigenous to Japan. Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Bot.7: 137–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Transeau, E. N. 1935. The Prairie Peninsula. Ecology16: 423–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pringle, J.S. Taxonomy of Gentiana, section Pneumonanthae, in eastern North America. Brittonia 19, 1–32 (1967). https://doi.org/10.2307/2805079

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2805079

Keywords

Navigation