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Monograph of the neotropical species of Callipteris with anastomosing veins (Woodsiaceae)

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Abstract

Callipteris is a pantropical fern genus defined by two synapomorphies of its rhizome scales: 1) dark-castaneous to black borders, and 2) bifid marginal teeth. This monograph treats 15 neotropical species ofCallipteris that are further defined by the synapomorphy of anastomosing veins (free-veined species of the genus occur in the Neotropics and elsewhere). Three species are newly described here; the remaining 12 were previously classified inDiplazium. All the species ofCallipteris grow on wet forest floors at 100–2300 m. In the Neotropics the genus occurs from Guatemala to Bolivia, northern Brazil, and the Lesser Antilles. It has two centers of species richness. The first is the Chocó region on the western side of the Andes in Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. This region contains eight species, five of which are endemic. The second center is the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama, where six species occur, three of which are endemic. Only one species, an endemic, occurs in the Lesser Antilles in Martinique, St. Vincent, and Grenada. Four species occur only on the eastern side of the Andes, and these apparently represent at least two separate dispersal events from the western side of the Andes.

Resumen

Callipteris es un género de helecho pantropical se define por los dos siguientes sinapomorfias de las escamas del rizoma: 1) márgenes oscuro-castañeo a negro, y 2) dientes marginales bífidos. Esta monografía se trata las 15 especies neotropicales deCallipteris que son definidas además por la sinapomofía de nervaduras anastomosadas (especies con nervaduras libres existen también en el Neotrópico y otros lugares). Tres de las especies son descritas como nuevas y 12 especies se encontraban clasificadas enDiplazium. Todas las especies deCallipteris viven en bosques húmedos desde 100 a 2300 m. En el Neotrópico, el género se presenta desde Guatemala hasta Bolivia, norte de Brasil y Antillas Menores. Tiene dos centros de diversificación. La primera es la región Chocó en el lado occidental de los Andes en Colombia y el noreste de Ecuador. En esta región crecen ocho especies, de las cuales cinco son endémicas. El segundo centro es las montañas de Costa Rica y Panamá, en donde viven seis especies, tres de las cuales son endémicas. Una de las especies es endémica de las Antillas Menores, en Martinique, St. Vincent y Grenada. En el este de los Andes viven cuatro especies, aparentemente representan al menos dos eventos separados de dispersión desde el lado occidental de los Andes.

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Pacheco, L., Moran, R.C. Monograph of the neotropical species of Callipteris with anastomosing veins (Woodsiaceae). Brittonia 51, 343–388 (1999). https://doi.org/10.2307/2666519

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