Abstract
This article examines the effect of living in a single-parent family on educational attainment by gender and race. According to household production theory, the reduction in parental resources for human capital investment in children living in a single-parent family should lower their educational attainment. Using matched mother-daughter and mother-son samples from the National Longitudinal Surveys, we constructed precise measures of the age and length of time a child lived in a single-parent family. Empirical findings show that the negative effect of living in a single-parent family (I) increases with the number of years spent in this type of family, (2) is greatest during the preschool years, and (3) is larger for boys than girls.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bane, M. J., and D. Ellwood. 1983. The Dynamics of Dependence: The Routes to Self-Sufficiency, Report prepared for Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Dept. of Health and Human Services. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc.
Becker, G. S. 1965. A theory of the allocation of time. Economic Journal 75:493–517.
—. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Blake, J. 1981. Family size and the quality of children. Demography 18:421–442.
Blau, P. M., and O. D. Duncan. 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley.
Bloch, F. E., and M. S. Kuskin. 1978. Wage determination in the union and nonunion sectors. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 31:183–192.
Bowles, S. 1972. Schooling and inequality from generation to generation. Journal of Political Economy 80(3, Pt. 2):S219-S251.
Brandwein, R. A., C. A. Brown, and E. M. Fox. 1974. Women and children last:The social situation of divorced mothers and their families. Journal of Marriage and the Family 36:498–514.
Center for Human Resource Research. 1982. The National Longitudinal Surveys Handbook. Columbus: Ohio State University.
Espenshade, T. J. 1979. The economic consequences of divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family 41:615–625.
Featherman, D. L., and R. M. Hauser. 1978. Opportunity and Change. New York: Academic Press.
Fleisher, B. M. 1977. Mother’s home time and the production of child quality. Demography 14:197–212.
Freeman, R. 1974. Parental Family Structure and Socio-economic Achievement: The Effects of the Broken Family, Discussion Paper 356. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University, Institute of Economic Research.
Furstenberg, F. F., Jr., C. W. Nord, J. L. Peterson, and N. Zill. 1983. The life course of children of divorce: Marital disruption and parental contact. American Sociological Review 48:656–668.
Greenberg, D., and D. Wolf. 1982. The economic consequences of experiencing parental marital disruption. Children and Youth Services Review 4:141–162.
Guidubaldi, J., H. K. Clerninshaw, J. D. Perry, B. K. Nastasi, and J. Lightel. 1986. The role of selected family environment factors in children’s post-divorce adjustment. Family Relations 35:141–151.
Hetherington, E. M. 1981. Children and divorce. Pp. 33–58 in R. W. Henderson (ed.), Parent-Child Interaction. New York: Academic Press.
Hetherington, E. M., M. Cox, and R. Cox. 1982. Effects of divorce on parents and children. Pp. 233–287 in M. E. Lamb (ed.), Nontraditional Families: Parenting and Child Development. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Hofferth, S. L. 1982. Children’s Family Experience to Age 18: A Cohort Life Table Analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, San Diego.
Hoffman, L. W. 1974. Effects on child. Pp. 126–166 in L. W. Hoffman and F. I. Nye (eds.), Working Mothers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,
Hoffman, S. 1977. Marital instability and the economic status of women. Demography 14:67–76.
Kiker, B. F., and C. M. Condon. 1981. The influence of socioeconomic background on the earnings of young men. Journal of Human Resources 16:94–105.
Krein, S. F. 1986. Growing up in a single parent family: The effect on education and earnings of young men. Family Relations 35:161–168.
Leibowitz, A. 1974a. Education and home production. American Economic Review 64:243–250.
—. 1974b. Home investments in children. Journal of Political Economy 82(2, Pt. 2):S111-S131.
Lindert, P. H. 1977. Sibling position and achievement. Journal of Human Resources 12:199–219.
Longfellow, C. 1979. Divorce in context: Its impact on children. Pp. 287–306 in G. Levinger and O. C. Moles (eds.), Divorce and Separation: Context, Causes and Consequences. New York: Basic Books.
McLanahan, S. 1983. The Effects of the Absence of a Parent on the Educational Attainment of Offspring, Discussion Paper 720–83. Madison: University of Wisconsin, Institute for Research on Poverty.
Norton, A. J., and P. C. Glick. 1986. One parent families: Social and economic profile. Family Relations 35:9–17.
Pearlin, L. l., and J. S. Johnson. 1977. Marital status, life-strains, and depression. American Sociological Review 42:704–715.
Robinson, J. P. 1980. Housework technology and household work. Pp. 53–68 in S. F. Berk (ed.), Women and Household Labor. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.
Sanik, M. M., and T. Mauldin. 1986. Single versus two parent families: A comparison of mothers’ time. Family Relations 35:53–56.
Shaw, L. B. 1982. High school completion for young women: Effects of low income and living with a single parent. Journal of Family Issues 3:147–163.
Shields, P. M. 1981. The burden of the draft: The Vietnam years. Journal of Political and Military Sociology 9:215–228.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1985. Money Income of Households, Families, and Persons in the United States: 1983, Current Population Reports, Ser. P-60, No. 146. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Walker, K. E., and M. E. Woods. 1976. Time Use: A Measure of Household Production of Family Goods and Services. Washington, D.C.: American Home Economics Association, Center for the Family.
Wallerstein, J. S., and J. B. Kelly. 1980. Surviving the Breakup: How Parents and Children Cope With Divorce. New York: Basic Books.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krein, S.F., Beller, A.H. Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: Differences by exposure, gender, and race. Demography 25, 221–234 (1988). https://doi.org/10.2307/2061290
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061290