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Small town growth in the United States: An analysis by size class and by place

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Demography

Resumen

Los cambios de población en pequeñas ciudades es un factor importante en el proceso de urbanización, Hemos analizado cambios en lugares incorporados menores de 10.000 habitantes en los Estados Unidos durante el período 19140–60 y hemos hecho distinción entre cambios en el tamaño de las clases dentro de la población y cambios en los 1ugares, de acuerdo a como fueron agrupados segun tamaño inicial así: Menos de 1.000, 1.000–2.500 y 2.500–10.000, para dividir el porcentaqe de incremento por tamaño de las clases, en cinco componentes: (1) crecimiento de los lugares manteniendo las clases; (2) cambios netos en el crecimienio de los pueblos dentro y fuera de las clases; (3) cambio neto en pueblos de tasa negativa de incremento, dentro y fuero de las clases; (4) adiciõn de nuevos luqares; y (5) desaparición de lugares durante el período de tiempo. Se hicieron tabulaciones seporadas para localización metropolitana, región y década. p ]Los lugares menores de 10.000 habitantes en el año inicial crecieron en los dos censos decenales que fueron considerados. Las diferencias de crecimiento fueron poralelas a aquellas generalmente encontradas para el total de la poblacíon, con crecimiento más rápido cerca a las ciudades mayo res del Oeste y—excepto para luqcres no metropolitanos—sobre la década 1950–60.

Nosotros encontramos que los cambios en la población fueron diferentes a los cambios en el tamaño de las clases, tomadas particularmente. Excepción hecha de algunas áreas urbanizadas, las dos clases de mayor tamaño incrementaron su pobloción en ambas décadas. En conirasie, las clases de tamaño inferior a 1.000 declinaron en casi todos los casos. Esta disminución no fué debida a decrecimiento de la población de los lugares dentro de la clase, ni a la desaparición. de lugares entre censos, sino mas bien debido al crecimiento de lugares dentro de las clases más grandes, no conpensado por la disminución: de otros lugases dentro de la clase, o a nuevas incorporaciones.

Summary

Small town population change is an important factor in the urbanization process. We analyzed changes in incorporated places under 10,000 in the United States during the 1940–60 period, making a distinction between changes in population size classes and changes in places grouped by initial size. We made balance sheets for size classes under 1,000, 1,000–2,500, and 2,500–10,000 in order to divide the percent increase by size class into five additive components: (1)growth of places staying in the class, (2) net shifts of growing towns into and out of the class, (8) net shifts of declining towns into and out of the class, (4) addition of new places, and (5) disappearance of places during the time period. Separate tabulations were made by metropolitan location, region, and decade. p ]Places under 10,000 population the initial year grew during both census decades considered. Growth differentials paralleled those generally found for the total population, with the most rapid growth near large cities in the West and (except for non-metropolitan places) over the 1940–60 decade.

We found results to be different for population changes of particular size classes. Except in some Urbanized Area locations, the two larger size classes increased in population over both decades. In contrast, the under-1,000 size class declined in almost every case. This decline was not due to decreasing population of places within the class or to the disappearance of places between censuses but rather to the growth of places into larger classes not compensated for by decline of other places into the class or new incorporations.

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References

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  2. Many popular articles have been written on this subject. For a recent statement, see Dwight A. Nesmith, “The Small Rural Town,” in Alfred Stefferud (ed.), A Place To Live (Yearbook of Agriculture, 1963; Washington: Department of Agriculture, 1963), pp. 177–84. A review of the literature on the small town is found in Edward Hassinger, “Factors Associated with Population Changes in Agricultural Trade Centers in Southern Minnesota, 1940–50” (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1956).

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This research was supported in part by Research Grant No. NSF-GS 444, from the Division of Social Sciences of the National Science Foundation. The assistance of Lee J. Haggerty and Lorraine Sponholz in the data analysis is gratefully acknowledged.

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Fuguitt, G.V., Thomas, D.W. Small town growth in the United States: An analysis by size class and by place. Demography 3, 513–527 (1966). https://doi.org/10.2307/2060176

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