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Selective predation by blue crabs on the gastropod,Bittium varium: Confirmation from opercula found in the sediments

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Abstract

Small blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 43–70 mm carapace width) can influence the size-distribution of the gastropod,Bittium varium, strongly reducing the contribution of snails >3 mm shell length in field enclosures. We test the hypothesis that these size-dependent effects are due to size-selective predation rather than size-dependent emigration from the field enclosures. In laboratory feeding trials, blue crabs showed negative selectivity for snails <2.5 mm and positive selectivity for snails >3.3 mm. When feeding, blue crabs crushBittium shells, but the opercula are deposited undamaged in the sediment. Sediment from a field enclosure experiment contained 6.5× moreBittium opercula from enclosures with blue crabs than from enclosures without blue crabs. We reconstructed the size distribution ofBittium killed by blue crabs from the opercula recovered from sediment. This distribution qualitatively matched those “missing” from the size frequency distribution of surviving snails. Estimates of selectivity from laboratory feeding trials predicted the pattern of size-selection fromBittium killed in the enclosures. We also estimated Strauss's linear index of selectivity and Chesson's α based on the size distribution of snails available during the field enclosure experiment. These indices predicted both the pattern of selectivity and the size distribution ofBittium killed in enclosures with blue crabs. We conclude that size-selective predation by blue crabs can explain the observed shifts inBittium size distributions.

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Author notes

  1. Russell A. Wright

    Present address: Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Road, 43212-1194, Columbus, Ohio

  2. Larry B. Crowder

    Present address: Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, 28516-9721, Beaufort, North Carolina

  3. Thomas H. Martin

    Present address: School of Forest Resources, The Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, Pennsylvania

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, 27695-7617, Raleigh, North Carolina

    Russell A. Wright, Larry B. Crowder & Thomas H. Martin

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  1. Russell A. Wright
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  2. Larry B. Crowder
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  3. Thomas H. Martin
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Wright, R.A., Crowder, L.B. & Martin, T.H. Selective predation by blue crabs on the gastropod,Bittium varium: Confirmation from opercula found in the sediments. Estuaries 19, 75–81 (1996). https://doi.org/10.2307/1352653

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