Abstract
The Delaware Estuary, bounded by the states of Delaware, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, is located in one of the most complex urban-industrial regions in the United States. Water pollution of the estuary was observable over two centuries ago and progressively worsened until after World War II. Four distinct governmental responses to the pollution have led to the vastly improved water quality of today. A fifth-generation response, now being initiated, is oriented toward remaining problems, including toxic contamination of the water column, bottom materials and aquatic life. Changes in water quality and the institutional responses to pollution are traced to demonstrate the evolutionary process of water pollution control.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Ackerman, B. A., S. Rose-Ackerman, J. W. Sawyer, Jr., andD. W. Henderson. 1974. Uncertain Search for Environmental Quality. Macmillan, New York. 386 p.
Albert, R. C. 1984. Water pollution control: Progress on the Delaware River.Water Pollut. Control Assoc. Pennsylvania Magazine 17:10–17.
Albert, R. C. 1987. Damming the Delaware, the Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam. Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, University Park, Pennsylvania. 224 p.
Albert, R. C., and J. F. Davis. 1987. Preliminary Report on the Attainability of Fishable Water Quality. Delaware River Basin Commission report, W. Trenton, New Jersey. 24 p.
Albert, R. C., andR. C. Kausch. 1988. A river reach profile of mid 1980s water quality of the Delaware River. Chapter 3.In Ecology and Restoration of the Delaware River Basin. The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, Easton, Pennsylvania.
Barksdale, H. C., D. W. Greenman, S. M. Lang, G. S. Hilton, and D. E. Outlaw. 1958. Ground Water Resources in the Tri-State Region Adjacent to the Lower Delaware River. N.J. Dept. Conv. Econ. Dev. Spec. Rep. 13. 73 p.
Bascom, F. 1904. Water Resources of the Philadelphia District. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply and Irrig. Pap. No. 106. 75 p.
Blake, M. N. 1956. Water for the Cities. Syracuse Univ. Press. Syracuse, New York. 256 p.
Board of Consulting Engineers. 1945. A New Water Supply from Upland Sources. Rep. to the Philadelphia Water Commission. 170 p.
Buckley, T. 1948. The Philadelphia project.In Proceedings of the INCODEL Annual Meeting. INCODEL, Philadelphia. 66 p.
Council on Environmental Quality. 1975. The Delaware River Basin—An Environmental Assessment of Three Centuries of Change. GPO, Washington, D.C. 87 p.
Delaware River Basin Commission. 1987. Current Status of Allocations. Delaware River Basin Commission report, W. Trenton, New Jersey. 19 p.
Delaware River Basin Commission. 1988. Fish Health and Contamination Study. Delaware River Basin Commission report, W. Trenton, New Jersey. 111 p.
Ellis, M. M., B. A. Westfall, D. K. Meyer, and W. S. Plantner. 1947. Water Quality Studies of the Delaware River with Reference to Shad Migration. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. Spec. Sci. Rep. No. 38. 56 p.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1966. Delaware Estuary Comprehensive Study: Preliminary Report and Findings. Federal Water Pollut. Control Admin., Philadelphia. 94 p.
Henshaw, F. 1987. Toxics Review of the Delaware Estuary. Delaware River Basin Commission report, W. Trenton, New Jersey, 77 p.
Huff, W. R. 1987a. Zone 2 and Upper Zone 3 Bacterial Study. Delaware River Basin Commission report, Trenton, New Jersey. 55 p.
Huff, W. R. 1987b. Report on the Lower Zone 4 and Upper Zone 5 Bacterial Study and other 1987 Data Collection Activities. Delaware River Basin Commission report, Trenton, New Jersey. 40 p.
INCODEL. 1936. Articles of Organization. INCODEL, Philadelphia. 5 p.
INCODEL. 1938. The Delaware River Basin—Water Pollution. INCODEL, Philadelphia. 19 p.
INCODEL. 1940. The Delaware River Basin—Physical Facts. INCODEL, Philadelphia. 43 p.
INCODEL. 1962. Preliminary Report—Water Quality Survey of the Delaware Estuary. INCODEL, Philadelphia. 68 p.
Kiry, P. R. 1974. An Historical Look at the Water Quality of the Delaware River Estuary to 1973. Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 133 p.
Kratzer, T. W., and R. C. Albert. 1988. Combined Sewer Overflow Report. Delaware River Basin Commission report, W. Trenton, New Jersey. 41 p.
Maurice, K. R., R. W. Blye, andP. L. Harmon. 1987. Increased spawning by American shad coincident with improved dissolved oxygen in the tidal Delaware River, p. 79–88.In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Common Strategies of Anadromous and Catadromous Fish. Am. Fish. Soc., Bethesda, Maryland.
Miller, J. P., andA. J. Lupine. 1987. Angler Utilization and Economic Survey of the American Shad Fishery in the Delaware River. Delaware River Shad Fishermans Assoc., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. 26 p.
Miller, J. P., F. R. Griffiths, and P. A. Thurston-Rogers. 1982. The American Shad in the Delaware River Basin. Delaware Basin Fish and Wildl. Man. Coop. 130 p.
Neeson, J. H. 1941. The Philadelphia program.In Water Pollution Abatement in the Delaware River Basin with Special Reference to the City of Philadelphia—A Symposium. INCODEL, Philadelphia. 56 p.
Philadelphia Planning Commission. 1982. Philadelphia's River Resources. Philadelphia Plan. Comm., Philadelphia. 145 p.
Philadelphia Water Department. Circa 1970. Clean Streams for Philadelphia. Philadelphia Water Dept., Philadelphia. 36 p.
Philadelphia Water Department. 1987. 1986 Annual Report. Philadelphia Water Dept., Philadelphia. 25 p.
Selby, E., and D. Selby. 1946. Clean-up on the Delaware. In January 5, 1946 issue of Colliers. Reprint by INCODEL. 7 p.
Sharp, J. H. (Ed.) 1983. The Delaware Estuary: Research As Background for Estuarine Management and Development. Univ. Delaware, Newark. 326 p.
Summers, P. 1987. Fish Population Study. Delaware River Basin Commission report, W. Trenton, New Jersey. 4 p.
Tyler, D. B. 1955. The Bay and River Delaware. Cornell Maritime Press, Cambridge, Maryland. 244 p.
United States Department of Commerce. 1985. Statistical Abstract of the United States 106th Edition. GPO, Washington. 985 p.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1973. Delaware Estuary Water Quality Standards Study. U.S. EPA Region II, New York. 174 p.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Philadelphia/Camden Port Environmental Enhancement Plan. U.S. EPA, Philadelphia. 278 p.
United States Geological Survey. 1982. Water Resources Data, Pennsylvania Water Year 1981, Volume 1. Delaware River Basin. U.S. Geol. Serv., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 327 p.
Versar, Inc. 1987. Studies of Striped Bass Spawning and Stock Assessment in the Delaware River Between Philadelphia, PA and Trenton, NJ During Spring 1987. Versar, Inc., Columbia, Maryland. 66 p.
Vogel, K. L. 1987. Water quality of the Delaware Estuary, p. 73–86.In S. P. Sauer, W. E. Harkness, and B. E. Krejmas (eds.). Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. 87-250
Webster, G. S., G. E. Datesman, andW. L. Stevenson. 1914. Report on the Collection and Treatment of the Sewage of the City of Philadelphia. Philadelphia Dept. of Pub. Wks., Philadelphia. 187 p.
Wolman, A. 1941. The implications, p. 31–42.In Water Pollution Abatement in the Delaware River Basin with Special Reference to the City of Philadelphia—A Symposium. INCODEL, Philadelphia. 56 p.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Albert, R.C. The historical context of water quality management for the Delaware estuary. Estuaries 11, 99–107 (1988). https://doi.org/10.2307/1351997
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1351997