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Evaluating the epidemiology and morbidity burden associated with human papillomavirus in Israel

Accounting for CIN1 and genital warts in addition to CIN2/3 and cervical cancer

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Abstract

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is mostly associated with cervical cancer (CC). However, it can cause other illnesses as well, all of which impact on people’s wellbeing and consume healthcare resources. Measures for prevention or early detection of these conditions differ in their effectiveness and cost. An informative evaluation of the projected benefit of these measures depends on understanding the current unmet need, not only limited to CC.

Objective

To evaluate the burden of HPV-related conditions in Israel, including CC, cervical precancerous lesions and genital warts.

Methods

A retrospective database analysis was conducted for the second largest health management organization (HMO) in Israel, covering approximately 1.8 million people. Records were drawn following a search for key words indicative of related diagnoses, lab results, medications, or procedures for the time period of 2006–2008. Prevalence, incidence and resource utilization were analysed. Findings were extrapolated to the whole Israeli population using age and gender incidence rates.

Results

Incidence of CC was found to be 5 per 100000 females. Incidences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 1, 2 and 3 were 74, 27 and 36 per 100 000 females, respectively. Incidence of genital warts was 239 and 185 per 100 000 for men and women, respectively. The overall annual economic burden was calculated to be $US48 838 058 (year 2010 values).

Conclusions

HPV poses a significant burden in terms of health (clinical and quality of life) and in monetary terms, even for conditions that are sometimes regarded as benign, such as CIN1 or genital warts. Current findings should be used for proper evaluation of measures to reduce HPV-related morbidity and mortality, such as regular screening and vaccination.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from MSD Israel. Dr Stein, Dr Cohen and Ms Arbel are employees of MSD Israel; Dr Shavit received consultancy fees from MSD Israel; Dr Shalev, Dr Chodik and Dr Raz are employees of Maccabi Healthcare Services sick fund, which owns the database that was used, and do not have any financial ties with MSD Israel.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Oren Shavit

  2. Medical Informatics, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Raanan Raz, Gabriel Chodick & Varda Shalev

  3. MSD Israel Co. Ltd, Hod-Hasharon, Israel

    Michal Stein, Raanan Cohen & Daphna Arbel

  4. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Gabriel Chodick & Varda Shalev

  5. Tel-Aviv Women’s Health Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eduardo Schejter

  6. Division of Gynecologic Oncology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel

    Yehuda Ben-David

  7. Division of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Oren Shavit

Authors
  1. Oren Shavit
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  2. Raanan Raz
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  3. Michal Stein
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  4. Gabriel Chodick
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  5. Eduardo Schejter
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  6. Yehuda Ben-David
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  7. Raanan Cohen
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  8. Daphna Arbel
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  9. Varda Shalev
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Correspondence to Oren Shavit.

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Shavit, O., Raz, R., Stein, M. et al. Evaluating the epidemiology and morbidity burden associated with human papillomavirus in Israel. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 10, 87–97 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2165/11594780-000000000-00000

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