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Alterations in Central Fatigue by Pharmacological Manipulations of Neurotransmitters in Normal and High Ambient Temperature

Sports Medicine volume 40, pages 229–246 (2010)Cite this article

Abstract

The scientific evidence is reviewed for the involvement of the brain monoamines serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) in the onset of fatigue, in both normal and high ambient temperatures. The main focus is the pharmacological manipulations used to explore the central fatigue hypothesis. The original central fatigue hypothesis emphasizes that an exercise-induced increase in serotonin is responsible for the development of fatigue. However, several pharmacological studies attempted and failed to alter exercise capacity through changes in serotonergic neurotransmission in humans, indicating that the role of serotonin is often overrated. Recent studies, investigating the inhibition of the reuptake of both dopamine and noradrenaline, were capable of detecting changes in performance, specifically when ambient temperature was high. Dopamine and noradrenaline are prominent in innervated areas of the hypothalamus, therefore changes in the catecholaminergic concentrations may also be expected to be involved with the regulation of body core temperature during exercise in the heat. Evidence from different studies suggests that it is very unlikely that one neurotransmitter system is responsible for the appearance of central fatigue. The exact mechanism of fatigue is not known; presumably a complex interplay between both peripheral and central factors induces fatigue. Central fatigue will be determined by the collaboration of the different neurotransmitter systems, with the most important role possibly being for the catecholamines dopamine and noradrenaline.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the valuable work from Maria Francesca Piacentini, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Phil Watson, Luk Buyse, Guy De Schutter and Frank Pauwels. We also wish to acknowledge the help from funding from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (OZR 607, 990, 1235). The authors have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this review.

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  1. Department of Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

    Bart Roelands &  Romain Meeusen

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Roelands, B., Meeusen, R. Alterations in Central Fatigue by Pharmacological Manipulations of Neurotransmitters in Normal and High Ambient Temperature. Sports Med 40, 229–246 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2165/11533670-000000000-00000

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11533670-000000000-00000

Keywords

  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • Bupropion
  • Core Temperature
  • Time Trial