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Aripiprazole

A Review of its Use in the Management of Schizophrenia in Adults

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Abstract

Oral aripiprazole (Abilify®) is an atypical antipsychotic agent that is approved worldwide for use in adult patients with schizophrenia. It is a quinolinone derivative that has a unique receptor binding profile as it exhibits both partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2a receptors.

In several well designed, randomized, clinical trials of 4–6 weeks duration, aripiprazole provided symptomatic control for patients with acute, relapsing schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Furthermore, following 26 weeks’ treatment, the time to relapse was significantly longer for patients with chronic, stabilized schizophrenia receiving aripiprazole compared with those receiving placebo.

Using a variety of efficacy outcomes, aripiprazole showed a mixed response when evaluated against other antipsychotic agents in randomized clinical trials. Longer-term data showed that improvements in remission rates and response rates favoured aripiprazole over haloperidol, although, the time to failure to maintain a response was not significantly different between the treatment arms. On the other hand, improvements in positive and negative symptom scores mostly favoured olanzapine over aripiprazole, although, the time to all-cause treatment discontinuation was not significantly different between the two treatments.

Several open-label, switching trials showed that aripiprazole provided continued control of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Using a variety of efficacy outcomes or quality-of-life scores, longer-term treatment generally favoured patients switched to receive aripiprazole compared with standard-of-care oral antipsychotics.

Aripiprazole was generally well tolerated in patients with schizophrenia. In particular, its use seems to be associated with a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms than haloperidol and fewer weight-gain issues than olanzapine. Aripiprazole also showed a favourable cardiovascular tolerability profile and its use was associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome than placebo or olanzapine. As a consequence, aripiprazole may provide a more cost-effective treatment option compared with other atypical antipsychotics.

In conclusion, oral aripiprazole provides an effective and well tolerated treatment alternative for the acute and long-term management of patients with schizophrenia.

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  1. Adis, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, North Shore 0754, Auckland, New Zealand

    Jamie D. Croxtall

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  1. Jamie D. Croxtall
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Correspondence to Jamie D. Croxtall.

Additional information

Various sections of the manuscript reviewed by: R. Andrezina, Department of Psychiatry, Riga Mental Health Centre, Riga, Latvia; S. Kasper, Department of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; P. Mohr, Department of Pyschiatry 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univserity, Prague, Czech Republic; A. Paktar, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; R. Tandon, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Data Selection

Sources: Medical literature (including published and unpublished data) on ‘aripiprazole’ was identified by searching databases (including MEDLINE and EMBASE and in-house AdisBase) for articles published since 1996, bibliographies from published literature, clinical trial registries/databases and websites (including those of regional regulatory agencies and the manufacturer). Additional information (including contributory unpublished data) was also requested from the company developing the drug.

Search strategy: MEDLINE, EMBASE and AdisBase search terms were ‘aripiprazole’ and ‘schizophrenia’. Searches were last updated on 12 December 2011.

Selection: Studies in patients with schizophrenia who received aripiprazole. Inclusion of studies was based mainly on the methods section of the trials. When available, large, well controlled trials with appropriate statistical methodology were preferred. Relevant pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data are also included. Index terms: Aripiprazole, schizophrenia, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, tolerability.

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Croxtall, J.D. Aripiprazole. CNS Drugs 26, 155–183 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2165/11208400-000000000-00000

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