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Efficacité clinique du glimépiride dans le diabète de type 2

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Disease Management and Health Outcomes

Abstract

Clinical Efficacy of Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate in developed countries and even more so in developing countries and continents. Successful management of this disease remains a major preoccupation. If diet and physical exercise alone cannot achieve the target glycaemia levels established for patients with type 2 diabetes with respect to their clinico-biological profile, then sulphonylureas and biguanides are the most potent hypoglycaemic agents. Sulphonylureas are nevertheless associated with adverse effects, the most serious being hypoglycaemia. Elderly patients and those with renal insufficiency are at the greatest risk of hypoglycaemia. Glimepiride is the most recent of the sulphonylureas. It has the advantage of offering efficacy comparable to that of other agents of the same class, as well as a distinctive metabolic profile that minimises accumulation and consequently the risk of hypoglycaemia, which occurs less frequently with glimepiride than with glibenclamide. During treatment with glimepiride, it has been observed that stimulation of insulin secretion is lower over the long term and during physical exercise than has been reported with glibenclamide. This improved adaptation to insulin secretion during exertion may well be responsible for reducing the risk of hypoglycaemia associated with physical exercise. The pharmacokinetic profile of glimepiride makes it well suited to a once-daily dosage regimen. This constitutes the main advantage of the drug, thus simplifying treatment for patients already receiving multiple drug therapy and whose treatment compliance the practitioner has reason to doubt. The hypoglycaemic sulfamide glimepiride offers several distinctive pharmacological characteristics. These include ease of prescribing, improved tolerability during physical exercise, simplified administration in patients with renal impairment and in individuals aged more than 65 years. The usual starting dosage is 1 mg/day, which can be increased to 6 mg/day. It is recommended that this single daily dose be administered before the first solid meal of the day and that patients should be warned of the risks of missing a meal following intake of the tablet. Under these conditions, current data confirm that glimepiride is an effective hypoglycaemic agent with a good tolerability profile.

Résumé

Lorsque la diététique et l’exercice physique sont insuffisants pour atteindre l’objectif glycémique fixé chez un diabétique de type 2, et selon le type clinicobiologique, les sulfamides hypoglycémiants sont, avec les biguanides, les plus puissants médicaments hypoglycémiants. Les sulfamides hypoglycémiants peuvent cependant être à l’origine d’effets indésirables dont les plus graves sont les hypoglycémies. Celles-ci sont plus redoutées chez les insuffisants rénaux et les sujets âgés. Le glimépiride est la plus récente des sulfonylurées et offre l’avantage d’une efficacité comparable à celle des autres médicaments de sa classe et d’un métabolisme spécifique qui en réduit l’accumulation et donc le risque d’hypoglycémies, qui sont moins nombreuses que sous glibenclamide. Sous glimépiride, on note une moindre stimulation de la sécrétion d’insuline à long terme et lors de l’exercice physique que sous glibenclamide. Cette meilleure adaptation de la sécrétion d’insuline à l’effort serait susceptible d’induire un moindre risque d’hypoglycémie au cours de l’exercice physique. Sa pharmacocinétique permet une prise unique ce qui constitue son principal avantage et facilite le traitement de patients polymédiqués et peu observants. Le glimépiride offre un certain nombre de qualités pharmacologiques qui constituent les spécificités principales de ce sulfamide hypoglycémiant, plus précisément la commodité de prescription, une meilleure tolérance lors de l’exercice physique, un usage plus aisé chez l’insuffisant rénal modéré et chez le sujet âgé de plus de 65 ans. Sa posologie se situe entre 1 mg/jour, dose usuelle de départ et 6 mg/jour. Cette prise unique implique d’être administrée avant le premier repas consistant de la journée et de plus, de mettre en garde les patients des risques de sauter un repas une fois le comprimé pris. Dans ces conditions, les données actuelles montrent que le glimépiride est un hypoglycémiant efficace et offrant une bonne sécurité d’emploi.

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Cervantes, P. Efficacité clinique du glimépiride dans le diabète de type 2. Dis-Manage-Health-Outcomes 4 (Suppl 1), 43–49 (1998). https://doi.org/10.2165/00115677-199804001-00004

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00115677-199804001-00004

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