References
Ader R (Ed.) Psychoneuroimmunology, Academic Press, New York, 1981
Åstrand P-O, Rodahl K. Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1977
Balog LF. The effects of exercise on muscle tension and subsequent muscle relaxation training. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 54 (2): 119–125, 1983
Barolin GS. Retrospect on eight years of psychohygienic training with sport champions. Psychotherapie, Medizinische, Psychologie 28 (6): 2205–2212, 1978
Basler ML, Fishere AC, Mumford NL. Arousal and anxiety correlates of gymnastic performance. Research Quarterly 47: 586–589, 1976
Benson H, Dryer T, Hartley H. Decreased V̇O2 consumption during exercise with elicitation of the relaxation response. Journal of Human Stress 4: 38–42, 1978
Benson H. The relaxation response, William Morrow & Company, Inc. New York, 1975
Biondi M, Pancheri P. Mind and immunity, a review of methodology in human research. Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine 17: 234–251, 1987
Bohus B, Benus RF, Fokkema DS, Koolhaas JM, Nyakas C, et al. Neuroendocrine states and behavioral and physiological stress responses. Progress in Brain Research 72: 57–70, 1987
Christolph P, Luborsky L, Kron R, Fishman H. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory responses to a single session of relaxation: a partial replication. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 22: 493–501, 1978
Cinciripini PM. Cognitive stress and cardiovascular reactivity. Relationship to hypertension. American Heart Journal 112 (5): 1044–1050, 1986
Cooper KH, Gallman JS, McDonald JL. Role of aerobic exercise in reduction of stress. Dental Clinics of North America 30 (Suppl. 4): S133–142, 1986
Cousins N. Anatomy of an illness (as perceived by the patient). New England Journal of Medicine 295 (26): 1459–1463, 1976
Cryan PD, Alles WF. The relationship between stress and college football injuries. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 23: 52–58, 1983
Deabler HL, Fidel E, Dillenkoffer RL, Elder ST. The use of relaxation and hypnosis in lowering high blood pressure. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 16 (2): 75–83, 1973
Delmonte MM. Physiological responses during meditation and rest. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 9 (2): 181–200, 1984
Delmonte MM. Pilot study of conditioned relaxation during stimulation meditation. Psychological Reports 45: 169–170, 1979
DeMoja CA, Reitano M, DeMarco C. Anxiety, perceptual and motor skills in an underwater environment. Perceptual and Motor Skills 65 (2): 359–365, 1987
Dishman RK. Medical psychology in exercise and sport. Medical Clinics of North America 69 (1): 123–143, 1985
Dixon K. Employee assistance programs: a primer for buyer and seller. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 39 (6): 623–627, 1988
D’Ambrosia R, Drez D. Prevention and treatment of running injuries, Charles B. Slack Inc, New Jersey, 1982
Eccles JC. The liaison brain for voluntary movement: the supplementary motor area. Acta Biologica Academiae Scientar-ium Hungaricae 33 (2–3): 157–172, 1982
Ekstrand J, Gillquist J. Soccer injuries and their mechanisms: a prospective study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 15 (3): 267–270, 1983
Ekstrand J, Gillquist J. The frequency of muscle tightness and injuries in soccer players. American Journal of Sports Medicine 10 (2): 75–78, 1982
Elam M, Wallin BG. Skin bloodflow responses to mental stress in man depend on body temperature. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 129: 429–431, 1987
English EH, Balker TB. Relaxation training and cardiovascular response to experimental Stressors. Health Psychology 2 (3): 239–259, 1983
Eskola J, Ruuskanen O, Soppi E, Viljanen MK, Jarvinen M, et al. Effect of sport stress on lymphocyte transformation and antibody function. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 32: 339–345, 1978
Fardy PS. Isometric exercise and the cardiovascular system. Physician and Sportsmedicine 9 (9): 43–56, 1981
Fleming I, Baum A, Davidson LM, Rectanus E, McArdle S. Chronic stress as a factor in physiologic reactivity to challenge. Health Psychology 6 (3): 221–237, 1987
Funderberk CF, Hipskind SG, Welton RC, Lind AR. Development of and recovery from fatigue induced by static effort at various tensions. Journal of Applied Physiology 37 (3): 392–396, 1974
Glasgow MS, Gaardner KR, Engel BT. Behavioral treatment of high blood pressure. II. Acute and sustained effects of relaxation and systolic blood pressure biofeedback. Psychosomatic Medicine 44 (2): 155–170, 1982
Glass DC, Krakoff LR, Contrada R, Hilton WF, Kehoe K, et al. Effect of harassment and competition upon cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses in type A and type B individuals. Psychophysiology 17 (5): 453–463, 1980
Glick JM. Muscle strains: prevention and treatment. Physician and Sportsmedicine 8 (11): 73–77, 1980
Gruber JJ, Beauchamp D. Relevancy of the competitive state anxiety inventory in a sport environment. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 50 (2): 207–214, 1979
Guyton AC. Textbook of medical physiology, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1986
Hashimoto K, Aizawa Y, Mori K. Changes in blood pressure, body weight and urinary catecholamines during austerities. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 56: 38–42, 1987
Henatsch HD, Langer HH. Basic neurophysiology of motor skills in sport: a review. International Journal of Sports Medicine 6 (1): 2–14, 1985
Jacobson E. Variation of blood pressure with skeletal muscle tension and relaxation. Annals of Internal Medicine 12: 1194–1212, 1939
Jorgensen RS, Houston BK, Ziranski RM. Anxiety management training in the treatment of essential hypertension. Behavior and Therapy 19: 467–474, 1981
Kerr JH. The experience of arousal: a new basis for studying arousal effects in sport. Journal of Sport Sciences 3 (3): 169–179, 1985
Kessler RM, Hertling D. Management of common musculoskeletal disorders, Ch, 10, Harper & Row, Publishers, Philadelphia, 1983
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R, Strain EC, Stout JC, Tarr KL, et al. Modulation of cellular immunity in medical students. Journal of Behavioural Medicine 9 (1): 5–21, 1986
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R, Williger D, Stout J, Messick G, et al. Psychosocial enhancement of immunocompetence in a geriatric population. Health Psychology 4 (1): 25–41, 1985
Knox S, Theorell T, Malmberg B-G, Lindquist R. Stress management in the treatment of essential hypertension in primary health care. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 4: 175–181, 1986
Krahenbuhl GS. Adrenaline, arousal, and sport. Journal of Sports Medicine 3 (3): 117–121, 1975
Kraus H. The need for relaxation in athletics. Journal of Sports Medicine 3 (1): 41–43, 1975
Landers DM. The arousal-performance relationship revisited. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 5 (1): 77–90, 1980
Lehninger AL. Bioenergetics: the molecular basis of biological energy transformations, 2nd ed., Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Menlo Park, 1973
Levy SM. Behavioral risk factors and host vulnerability. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology 44: 225–239, 1988
Levy S, Hebereman R, Lippman M, d’Angelo T. Correlation of stress factors with sustained depression of natural killer cell activity and predicted prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 5: 348–353, 1987
Lintel II AG. Physiological anxiety responses in transcendental meditators and nonmeditators. Perceptual and Motor Skills 50: 295–300, 1980
Lippin RA. Stress release, emerging tool in total stress management program. Occupational Health and Safety 54 (6): 80–82, 1985
Lysens R, Steverlynck A, van den Auweele Y, Lefevre J, Renson L, et al. The predictability of sports injuries. Sports Medicine 1: 6–10, 1984
Lysens R, Van den Auweele Y, Ostyn M. The relationship between psychosocial factors and sports injuries. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 26 (1): 77–84, 1986
Mace R, Carroll C. Stress inoculation training to control anxiety in sport: two case studies in squash. British Journal of Sports Medicine 20 (3): 115–117, 1986
Mace R, Eastman C, Carroll D. Stress inoculation training: a case study in gymnastics. British Journal of Sports Medicine 20 (3): 139–141, 1986
Michaels RR, Huber MJ, McCann DS. Evaluation of transcendental meditation as a method of reducing stress. Science 192: 1242–1244, 1976
Milne B, Joachim G, Niedhardt J. A stress management program for inflammatory bowel disease patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing 11: 561–567, 1986
Morgan WP, Horstman DH, Cymerman A, Stokes J. Facilitation of physical performance by means of a cognitive strategy. Cognitive Therapy and Research 7 (3): 251–264, 1983
Nelson WE, DePalma B, Gieck JH, McCue III FC, Kulund DN. Intercollegiate lacrosse injuries. Physician and Sportsmedicine 9 (10): 86–92, 1981
Nilsson S. Soccer injuries in adolescents. American Journal of Sports Medicine 6 (6): 358–361, 1978
Palkovits M. Organization of the stress response at the anatomical level. Progress in Brain Research 72: 47–55, 1987
Patel C. Biofeedback-aided relaxation and meditation in the management of hypertension. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 2 (1): 1–41, 1977
Patel C, Marmot MG. Stress management, blood pressure, and quality of life. Journal of Hypertension 5 (Suppl.): S21–S28, 1987
Perkins KA, Dubbert PM, Martin JE, Faulstich ME, Harris JK. Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in aerobically trained vs untrained mild hypertensives and normotensives. Health Psychology 5 (4): 407–421, 1986
Reynolds SB. Biofeedback, relaxation training, and music: homeostasis for coping with stress. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 9 (2): 169–179, 1984
Roland PE, Larsen B, Lassen NA, Skinhoj E. Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organisation of voluntary movements in man. Journal of Neurophysiology 43 (1): 118–136, 1980
Rosenblum S. Psychologic factors in competitive failures in athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine 7 (3): 198–200, 1979
Sandman KB, Backstrom CJ. Psychophysiological factors in myofascial pain. Journal of Manipulative and Psychological Therapeutics 7 (4): 237–242, 1984
Schutt NL, Bernstein DA. Relaxation skills for the patient, dentist, and auxiliaries. Dental Clinics of North America 30 (4 Suppl.): S93–105, 1986
Schwartz GE, Davidson RJ, Goleman DJ. Patterning of cognitive and somatic processes in the self-regulation of anxiety: effects of meditation vs exercise. Psychosomatic Medicine 40 (4): 321–328, 1978
Selye H. The stress of life, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1976
Severtsen B, Auld Bruya M. Effects of meditation and aerobic exercise on EEG patterns. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 18 (4): 206–210, 1986
Solomon G. Psychoneuroendocrinological effects on the immune response. Annual Review of Microbiology 35: 155–184, 1981
Stephens CR. Stress: an unnecessary fact of life. Military Medicine 152 (1): 19–24, 1987
Stone RA, DeLeo J. Psychotherapeutic control of hypertension. New England Journal of Medicine 293 (2): 80–109, 1976
Subotnick SI. Podiatric sports medicine, Future Publishing Company, New York, 1975
Taerk GS. The injury-prone athlete: a psychosocial approach. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 17: 187–194, 1977
Talmadge JE, Alvord WG. Stress factors and breast cancer outcome. Journal of Clinical Oncology 5 (3): 333–334, 1987
Taylor P, Abrams D, Hewstone M. Cancer, stress and personality: a correlational investigation of life-events, repression-sensiti-zation, and locus of control. British Journal of Medical Psychology 61: 179–183, 1988
Tennant C, Langeluddecke P, Byrne D. The concept of stress. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19 (2): 113–118, 1985
Tesch PA. Exercise performance and beta-blockade. Sports Medicine 2: 389–412, 1985
Tharp GD. The role of glucocorticoids in exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports 7 (1): 6–11, 1975
Tipton CM. Exercise, training, and hypertension. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 12: 245–306, 1984
Trager M, Guadagno C. Trager mentastics: movement as a way to agelessness, Station Hill Press, New York, 1987
Trager M. Psychophysical integration and mentastics: the trager approach to movement education. Journal of Holistic Health 7: 15–25, 1982
Tucker LA, Cole GE, Friedman GM. Physical fitness: a buffer against stress. Perceptual and Motor Skills 63 (2 pt 2): 955–961, 1986
Vander AJ, Sherman JH, Luciano DS. Human physiology: the mechanics of body function, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1980
Videman T, Sonck T, Janne J. The effect of beta-blockade on skijumpers. Medicine and Science in Sports 11 (3): 266–269, 1979
Wallace K. Physiological effects of transcendental meditation. Science 167: 1751–1754, 1970
Warshal Robertson D. The short and long range effects of the TM technique on fractionated reaction time. Journal of Sports Medicine 23: 113–120, 1983
White JA, Ismail AH, Bottoms GD. Effect of physical fitness on the adrenocortical response to exercise stress. Medicine and Science in Sports 8 (2): 113–118, 1976
Witt PA. Trager Psychophysical Integration. Physical Therapy Today (Spring): 33–34, 1989
Witt PL, MacKinnon J. Trager psychophysical integration: a method to improve chest mobility of patients with chronic lung disease. Physical Therapy 66 (2): 214–217, 1986
Witt PL, Parr CA. Effectiveness of Trager Psychophysical Integration in promoting trunk mobility in a child with cerebral palsy: a case report. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 8 (4): 75–95, 1988
Witt P. An additional tool in the treatment of chronic spinal pain and dysfunction. Whirlpool Journal (Summer) 1986
Yaffe M. The contribution of clinical psychology to sports medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine 15 (1): 60–63, 1981
Yorde BS, Witmer JM. An educational format for teaching stress management to groups with a wide range of stress symptoms. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 5 (1): 75–90, 1980
Zaichtowsky LD, Kamen R. Biofeedback and meditation: effects on muscle tension and locus of control. Peceptual and Motor Skills 46: 955–958, 1978
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wilks, B. Stress Management for Athletes. Sports Medicine 11, 289–299 (1991). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199111050-00002
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199111050-00002