Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diabetic Gastroparesis

A Critical Reappraisal of New Treatment Strategies

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Drugs Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Delayed gastric emptying, gastroparesis, is one of the sequelae of diabetes mellitus. Symptoms may include postprandial nausea, epigastric pain, bloating, vomiting, early satiety and unpredictable blood sugar fluctuations. Nowadays diagnosis is made by the measurement of gastric emptying with a radionuclide test meal. Using this technique some 50% of diabetic patients show signs of disordered gastric emptying. Relief is best delivered by agents promoting gastric emptying.

In phase II single-dose studies metoclopramide, domperidone, cisapride, erythromycin and renzapride were all able to enhance gastric evacuation of solid and liquid meals in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. A few short term studies support the efficacy of domperidone and renzapride, but long term trials are lacking. Erythromycin, mimicking the potent gastrokinetic effect of motilin, may hold considerable promise for the future. Experience with erythromycin in diabetic gastroparesis is nonetheless very limited. To some extent the therapeutic effectiveness of metoclopramide and cisapride has been established in placebo-controlled trials. In trials with a placebo-controlled crossover design, however, only metoclopramide showed a sustained positive effect. Metoclopramide, which combines gastrokinetic and antiemetic properties seems, so far, the best therapeutic option in diabetic gastroparesis. Cisapride may be considered as a good alternative in cases where limited efficacy or side effects preclude the use of metoclopramide.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abell TL, Camilleri M, DiMagno EP, Hench VS, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Long-term efficacy of oral cisapride in symptomatic upper gut dysmotility. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36: 616–620, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Achem Karam SR, Funakoshi A, Vinik AI, Owyang C. Plasma motilin concentration and interdigestive migrating motor complex in diabetic gastroparesis: effect of metoclopramide. Gastroenterology 88: 492–499, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agabiti-Rosie E, Alicandri CL, Corea L. Hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytoma given metoclopramide. Correspondence. Lancet 1: 600, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahn YH, Maturu P, Steinheber FU, Goldman JM. Association of diabetes mellitus with gastric bezoar formation. Archives of Internal Medicine 147: 527–528, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albibi R, McCallum RW. Metoclopramide: pharmacology and clinical application. Annals of Internal Medicine 98: 86–95, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Annese V, Janssens J, Vantrappen G, Tack J, Peeters TL, et al. Erythromycin accelerates gastric emptying by inducing antral contractions and improved gastroduodenal coordination. Gastroenterology 102: 823–828, 1992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett JL, Owyang C. Serum glucose concentration as a modulator of interdigestive gastric motility. Gastroenterology 94: 739–744, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman DN, Rawlins MD, Simpson JM. Extrapyramidal reactions with metoclopramide. British Medical Journal 291: 930–932, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz DM, Metzger WH, Sturdevant RAL. Oral metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis and in chronic gastric retention after gastric surgery. Gastroenterology 70: A5/863, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormans V, Peeters TL, Janssens J, Pearce D, Vandeweerd M, Vantrappen G. In man, only activity fronts that originate in the stomach correlate with motilin peaks. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 22: 781–784, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broekaert A. Effect of domperidone on gastric emptying and secretion. Postgraduate Medical Journal 55 (Suppl. 1): 11–14, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brogden RN, Carmine AA, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS. Domperidone. A review of its pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in the symptomatic treatment of chronic dyspepsia and as an antiemetic. Drugs 24: 360–400, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brogna A, Ferrara R, Scornavacca G, Lombardo A, Bucceri A, et al. Cisapride and gastric emptying of a solid meal in dyspeptic patients without autonomic neuropathy and in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 37: 411–413, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown CK, Khanderia U. Use of metoclopramide, domperidone and cisapride in the management of diabetic gastroparesis. Clinical Pharmacy 9: 357–365, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brownlee M, Kroopf SS. Metoclopramide for gastroparesis diabeticorum. New England Journal of Medicine 291: 1257–1258, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camilleri M, Malagelada JR. Abnormal intestinal motility in diabetics with the gastroparesis syndrome. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 14: 420–427, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camilleri M, Malagelada JR, Abell TL, Brown ML, Hench V, et al. Effect of six weeks treatment with cisapride in gastroparesis and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Gastroenterology 96: 704–712, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell IW, Heading RC, Tothill P, Buisb T, Ewing DJ, et al. Gastric emptying in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Gut 18: 462–467, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catnach SM, Fairclough PD. Erythromycin and the gut. Gut 33: 397–401, 1992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Champion MC, Gulenchyn K, O’Leary T, Irvine P, Edwards A, et al. Domperidone (motilium) improves symptoms and solid phase gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis. American Journal of Gastroenterology 82: 975, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Champion MC, Gulenchyn K, Braaten J, Irvine P, O’Leary T, et al. Cisapride improves symptoms and solid phase gastric emptying in diabetic Gastroparesis. Diabetes 37 (Suppl. 1): 84A, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Champion MC. Management of idiopathic, diabetic and miscellaneous gastroparesis with cisapride. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 165: 44–53, 1989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chow AW. Erythromycin. In Ristuccia & Cunha (Eds) Antimicrobial therapy, pp. 209–218, Raven Press, New York, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. Gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetic patients: Lack of association with neuropathy. American Journal of Gastroenterology 84: 868–872, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper SM, McClelland CM, McRitchie B, Turner Dh. BRL 24924: a new and potent gastric motility stimulant. British Journal of Pharmacology 88 (Proceedings Suppl): 383P, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Corinaldesi R, Tosetti C, Stanghellini V, Rea E, Corbelli C, et al. Is 10 mg before meals the optimal dosage of cisapride in the treatment of idiopathic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 100: A433, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig DA, Clarke DE. Peristalsis evoked by 5-HT and renzapride: evidence for putative 5-HT4 receptor activation. British Journal of Pharmacology 102: 563–564, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day JP, Pruitt RE. Diabetic gastroparesis in a patient with parkinson’s disease: effective treatment with domperidone. American Journal of Gastroenterology 84: 837–838, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Caestecker JS, Ewing DJ, Tothill P, Clarke BF, Heading RC. Evaluation of oral cisapride and metoclopramide in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: an eight-week double-blind crossover study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3: 69–81, 1989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Depoortere I, Peeters TL, Matthijs G, Vantrappen G. Macrolide antibiotics are motilin receptor agonists. Hepatogastroenterology 35: 198, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Dipalma JR. Metoclopramide: A dopamine antagonist. American Family Physician 41: 919–924, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domstad PA, Kim E, Coupai JJ, Beihn R, Yonts S, et al. Biological gastric emptying time in diabetic patients, using Tc-99m-labeled resin-oatmeal with and without metoclopramide. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21: 1098–1100, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Editorial. Hastening gut transit. Lancet 336: 974–975, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenwald HF. Adverse reactions to erythromycin. Pediatric Infectious Disease 5: 147–150, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman M, Schiller LR. Disorders of gastrointestinal motility associated with diabetes mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine 98: 378–384, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman M, Smith HJ, Simon TR. Gastric emptying of solid radiopaque markers: studies in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. Gastroenterology 87: 895–902, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman M, Smith HJ. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of indigestible solids in patients with gastroparesis diabeticorum. A comparison with metoclopramide and placebo. Gastroenterology 92: 171–174, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez AG, Massingham R. Peripheral receptor populations involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and the pharmacological actions of metoclopramide-like drugs. Life Sciences 36: 1–14, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox S, Behar J. Pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis: a pharmacological study. Gastroenterology 78: 757–763, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser RJ, Horowitz M, Maddox AF, Harding PE, Chatterton BE, et al. Hyperglycaemia slows gastric emptying in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 33: 675–680, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser R, Horowitz M, Dent J. Hyperglycaemia stimulates pyloric motility in normal subjects. Gut 32: 475–478, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funakoshi A, Glowniak J, Owyang C, Vinik AI. Evidence for cholinergic and vagal noncholinergic mechanisms modulating plasma motilin-like immunoreactivity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 54: 1129–1134, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon SJ, Joseph RE, Kinsey MD. A preliminary clinical evaluation of domperidone. A new agent with dopamine-blocking effects. Gastroenterology 76: 1141, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon SJ, Joseph RE. Diabetic gastroparesis and colonie dilatation treated with domperidone. Lancet 1: 390, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groop LC, DeFronzo RA, Luzi L, Melander A. Hyperglycaemia and absorption of sulphonylurea drugs. Lancet 2: 129–130, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross L, Wertheimer SJ. Gastroparesis: a possible complication in diabetic patients. Journal Foot Surgery 29: 173–175, 1990

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guy RJC, Dawson JL, Garrett JR, Laws JW, Thomas PK, et al. Diabetic gastroparesis from autonomie neuropathy: surgical considerations and changes in vagus nerve morphology. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 47: 686–691, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haslbeck M. Behandlung der diabetischen gastroparese. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie (Suppl. 1) 28: 39–42, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartong WA, Moore J, Booth JP. Metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis. Annals of Internal Medicine 86: 826, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havelund T, Oster-Jorgensen E, Eshoj O, Lytken Larsen M, Lauritsen K. Effect of cisapride on gastroparesis in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a double-blind controlled trial. Acta Medica Scandinavia 222: 339–343, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heer M, Pirovino M, Japp H, Bühler H, Schmid M. Diabetic gastroparesis and colonie dilatation treated with domperidone. Lancet 2: 1145–1146, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heer M, Müller-Duysing W, Benes I, Weitzel M, Pirovino M, Altorfer J, Schmid M. Diabetic gastroparesis: treatment with domperidone, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Digestion 27: 214–217, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Harding PE, Chatterton BE, Collins PJ, Shearman DJC. Acute and chronic effects of domperidone on gastric emptying in diabetic autonomie neuropathy. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 30: 1–9, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Harding PE, Maddox A, Maddern GJ, Collins PJ, et al. Gastric and oesophageal emptying in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1: 97–113, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Maddox A, Harding PE, Maddern GJ, Chatterton BE, et al. Effect of cisapride on gastric and esophageal emptying in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 92: 1899–1907, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Harding PE, Maddox AF, Wishart JM, Akkermans LMA, et al. Gastric and oesophageal emptying in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 32: 151–159, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Roberts AP. Long-term efficacy of cisapride in diabetic gastroparesis. American Journal of Medicine 88: 195–196, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Edelbroek M, Fraser R, Maddox A, Wishart J. Disordered gastric motor function in diabetes mellitus. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 26: 673–684, 1991a

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Maddox AF, Wishart JM, Harding PE, Chatterton BE, et al. Relationships between oesophageal transit and solid and liquid gastric emptying in diabetes mellitus. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 18: 229–234, 1991b

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M, Dent J. Disordered gastric emptying: mechanical basis, assessment and treatment. Baillière’s Clinical Gastroenterology 5: 371–407, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssens J, Vantrappen G, Urbain JL, De Roo M, Bouillon R, et al. The motilin agonist erythromycin normalises impaired gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 96: A237, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Janssens J, Peeters TL, Vantrappen G, Tack J, Urbain JL, et al. Improvement of gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis by erythromycin. Preliminary studies. New England Journal of Medicine 322: 1028–1031, 1990

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AG. Gastroduodenal motility and synchronization. Postgraduate Medical Journal (Suppl. July): 29-33, 1973

  • Kassander P. Asymptomatic gastric retention in diabetics (gastroparesis diabetoricum). Annals of Internal Medicine 48: 797–812, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keshavarzian A, Iber FL, Vaeth J. Gastric emptying in patients with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Gastroenterology 82: 29–35, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilbinger H, Weihrauch TR. Drugs increasing gastrointestinal motility. Pharmacology 25: 61–72, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch KI, Stern RM, Stewart WR, Vasey MW. Gastric emptying and gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: effect of long-term domperidone treatment. American Journal of Gastroenterology 84: 1069–1075, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauritsen K, Laursen LS, Rask-Madsen J. Clinical pharmaco-kinetics of drugs used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (Part I). Clinical Pharmacokinetics 19: 11–31, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarovits AI, Page D. Intraperitoneal cisapride for the treatment of diabetics with gastroparesis and end-stage renal disease. Nephron 56: 107–109, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longstreth GF, Malagelada JR, Kelly KA. Metoclopramide stimulation of gastric motility and emptying in diabetic gastroparesis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 86: 195–196, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loo FL, Palmer DW, Soergel KH, Kalbfleisch JH, Wood CM. Gastric emptying in patients with diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 86: 485–494, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lux G, Lederer PC, Ellermann A, Ludwig S. Effects of cisapride (C) and metoclopramide (M) on anteroduodenal motor activity in man. Digestion 34: 152, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackie ADR, Ferrington C, Cowan S, Merrick MV, Baird JD, et al. The effects of renzapride, a novel prokinetic agent, in diabetic gastroparesis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 5: 135–142, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malagelada JR, Rees WDW, Mazzotta LJ, Go VLW. Gastric motor abnormalities in diabetic and postvagotomy gastroparesis: effect of metoclopramide and bethanechol. Gastroenterology 78: 286–293, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malagelada JR. Gastric emptying disorders. Clinical significance and treatment. Drugs 24: 353–359, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matolo NM, Stadalnik RC. Assessment of gastric motility using meal labeled with technetium-99m sulfur colloid. American Journal of Surgery 146: 823–826, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum RW, Ricci DA, Rakatansky JI, Behar J, Rhodes JB, et al. A multicenter placebo-controlled clinical trial of oral metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis. Diabetes Care 6: 463–467, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum RW. Diagnosing motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Southern Medical Journal 77: 947–955, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum RW. Review of the current status of prokinetic agents in gastroenterology. American Journal of Gastroenterology 80: 1008–1016, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum RW, Petersen J, Dubovic S. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying and symptoms associated with gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 90: 1541, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • McCallum RW, Plankey MW, Fisher KL. Chronic oral cisapride therapy increases solid meal gastric emptying and improves symptoms in patients with gastric stasis. Gastroenterology 92: 1525, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • McCallum RW, Prakash C, Campoli-Richards D, Goa KL. Cisapride. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and its therapeutic use as a prokinetic agent in gastrointestinal motility disorders. Drugs 36: 652–681, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum RW. Cisapride: a new class of a prokinetic agent. American Journal of Gastroenterology 86: 135–149, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McHugh S, Lico S, Meindok H, Diamant NE. Intravenous cisapride in diabetic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 90: 1545, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Mearin F, Camilleri M, Malagelada JR. Pyloric dysfunction in diabetics with recurrent nausea and vomiting. Gastroenterology 90: 1919–1925, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchelson F. Pharmacological agents affecting emesis. A review (part I). Drugs 43: 295–315, 1992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muls EE, Lamberigts GF. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus due to gastroparesis diabeticorum: treatment with metoclopramide. Postgraduate Medical Journal 57: 185–188, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell ME, Awni WM, Goodman M, Cass O, Melikian AP, et al. Bioavailability and disposition of metoclopramide after single- and multiple-dose administration in diabetic patients with gastroparesis. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 27: 610–614, 1987

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Omura S, Tsuzuki K, Sunazuka T, Marui S, Toyoda H, et al. Macrolides with gastrointestinal motor stimulating activity. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 30: 41–43, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Peeters T, Matthijs G, Depoortere I, Cachet T, Hoogmartens J, et al. Erythromycin is a motilin receptor agonist. The American Journal of Physiology 257 (Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 20): G470–G474, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peeters TL, Muls E, Janssens J, Urbain JL, Bex M, et al. Effect of motilin on gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 102: 97–101; 1992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pellegrini CA, Broderick WC, Van Dyke D, Way LW. Diagnosis ans treatment of gastric emptying disorders: clinical usefulness of radionuclide measurements of gastric emptying. American Journal of Surgery 145: 143–151, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perkel MS, Moore C, Hersh T, Davidson ED. Metoclopramide therapy in patients with delayed gastric emptying. A randomized, double-blind study. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 24: 662–666, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perkel MS, Fajman WA, Hersh T, Moore C, Davidson ED, et al. Comparison of the barium test meal and the gamma camera scanning technic in measuring gastric emptying. Southern Medical Journal 74: 1065–1068, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pilot MA, Qin XY. Macrolides and gastrointestinal motility. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 22 (Suppl. B): 201–206, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinder RM, Brogden RN, Sawyer PR, Speight TM, Avery GS. Metoclopramide. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical use. Drugs 12: 81–131, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ricci DA, Saltzman MB, Meyer C, Callachan C, McCallum RW. Effect of metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 7: 25–32, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ricci DA, McCallum RW. Diagnosis and treatment of delayed gastric emptying. Advances of Internal Medicine 33: 357–384, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roussak JB, Carey P, Parry H. Cardiac arrest after treatment with intravenous domperidone. British Medical Journal 289: 1579, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saloranta P, Roos L, Elonen E, Allonen H. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate, base and acistrate in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: Two comparative studies of tolerability. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 24: 455–462, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarna SK, Soergel KH, Koch TR, Stone JE, Wood CM, et al. Gastrointestinal motor effects of erythromycin in humans. Gastroenterology 101: 1488–1496, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scarpello JHB, Barber DC, Hague RV, Cullen DR, Sladen GE. Gastric emptying of solid meals in diabetes. British Medical Journal 2: 671–673, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schade RR, Dugas MC, Lhotsky DM, Gavaler JS, Van Thiel DH. Effect of metoclopramide on gastric liquid emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 30: 10–15, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid R, Schusdziarra V, Allescher HD, Bofilias I, Buttermann G, Classen M. Effect of motilin on gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Diabetes Care 14: 65–68, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert DG, Moss AH, Holley JL, Foulks CJ. Intraperitoneal metoclopramide improves symptoms of gastroparesis in a CAPD patient. Peritoneal Dialysis International 9: 223–224, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smout AJPM, Jebbink HJA, Bravenboer B. Gastrointestinal manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Netherlands Journal of Medicine 39: 329–332, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snape WJ, Battle WM, Schwartz SS, Braunstein SN, Goldstein HA, et al. Metoclopramide to treat gastroparesis due to diabetes mellitus. A double-blind controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 96: 444–446, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Soergel KH, Palmer DP, Loo FD, Wood CM. Abnormal gastric emptying in diabetes and the effects of metoclopramide. Gastroenterology 78: 1265, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern WR. Summary of the 34th meeting of the food and drug administration gastrointestinal drugs advisory committee march 15 and 16, 1989. The American of Journal Gastroenterology 84: 1351–1355, 1989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tack J, Janssens J, Vantrappen G, Peeters T, Annese V, et al. Effect of erythromycin on gastric motility in controls and in diabetic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 103: 72–79, 1992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi T, Kurosawa S, Wiley JW, Owyang C. Mechanism for the gastrokinetic action of domperidone. In vitro studies in guinea pigs. Gastroenterology 101: 703–710, 1991

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomomasa T, Kuroume T, Arai H, Wakabayashi K, Itoh Z. Erythromycin induces migrating motor complex in human gastrointestinal tract. Digestive Disease and Sciences 31: 157–161, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trapnell BC, Mavko LE, Birskovich LM, Falko JM. Metoclopramide suppositories in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Archives of Internal Medicine 146: 2278–2279, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela G, Plankey M, Davenport K, McCallum RW. Long term subjective and objective effects of cisapride in the treatment of gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 98: A399, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijl PW, Hofma SJ, Van Doormaal JJ, Piers DA, Beekhuis H, et al. Low prevalence of symptomatic gastric and esophageal motor dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 96: A524, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Vantrappen G, Janssens J, Tack J, Muls E, Bouillon R, et al. Erythromycin is a potent gastrokinetic in diabetic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 96: A525, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Verlinden M, Reyntjens A, Schuermans V. Safety profile of cisapride. In Johnson & Lux (Eds) Progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders: the role of cisapride, pp. 30–36, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogelberg KH, Kübler HGW. Magententleerung und blutglucose bei insulinpflichtigem diabetes mellitus mit autonomer neuropathic. Deutsches Medizinische Wochenschrift 110: 1249–1253, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogelberg KH, Dalügge A. Sonographische Untersuchungen bei der medikamentösen behandlung der diabetischen gastroparese. Deutsches Medizinische Wochenschrift 113: 967–971, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wadhwa NK, Atkins H, Cabralda T. Intraperitoneal erythromycin for gastroparesis. Annals of Internal Medicine 114: 912, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watts GF, Armitage M, Sinclair J, Hill RD. Treatment of diabetic gastroparesis with oral domperidone. Diabetic Medicine 2: 491–492, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wegener M, Börsch G, Schaffstein J, Luerweg C, Leverkus F. Gastrointestinal transit disorders in patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Digestive Diseases 8: 23–36, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wienbeck M, Barnert J. Prinzipien der pharmakotherapie. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 28 (Suppl. 1): 22–26, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright RA, Clemente R, Wathen R. Diabetic gastroparesis: an abnormality of gastric emptying of solids. American Journal of Medical Sciences 289; 240–242, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida MM, Schuffler MD, Sumi SM. There are no morphological abnormalities of the gastric wall or abdominal vagus on patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 94: 907–914, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zara GP, Thompson HH, Pilot MA, Ritchie HD. Effects of erythromycin on gastrointestinal tract motility. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 16 (Suppl. A): 175–179, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zara GP, Qin XY, Pilot MA, Thomson HH, Maskell JP. Erythromycin and gastrointestinal motility. Lancet 2: 1036, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    J. P. H. Drenth

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Maaslandziekenhuis Sittard, Sittard, The Netherlands

    L. G. J. B. Engels

Authors
  1. J. P. H. Drenth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. G. J. B. Engels
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Drenth, J.P.H., Engels, L.G.J.B. Diabetic Gastroparesis. Drugs 44, 537–553 (1992). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199244040-00002

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199244040-00002

Keywords

Search

Navigation