References
American Heart Association. Standards and guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care. Journal of the American Medical Association 255: 2905–2992, 1986 & Circulation 74 (Suppl. 4): 1-153, 1986
Barsan WG, Levy RC, Weir H. Lidocaine levels during CPR: Differences after peripheral venous, central venous, and intracardiac injections. Annals of Emergency Medicine 10: 73–78, 1981
Davison R., Barresi V., Parker M., Meyers SN., Talano JV. Intracardiac injections during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A low-risk procedure. Journal of the American Medical Association 244: 1110–1111, 1980
DelGuercio LRM, Coomaraswamy RP, State D. Cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables during external cardiac massage in man. New England Journal of Medicine 269: 1398–1404, 1963
Editorial. Intratracheal drugs. Lancet 1: 743–744, 1988
Guyton AC, Jones CE, Coleman TG. Circulatory physiology: cardiac output and its regulation, 2nd ed., p. 556, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 1973
Hao-Hui C. Closed-chest intracardiac injection. Resuscitation 9: 103–106, 1981
Harrison EE. Intracardiac injections. Journal of the American Medical Association 245: 1315, 1981
Hurst JW. The heart: arteries and veins, 3rd ed., p. 1833, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974
Hyman AS. Resuscitation of the stopped heart by intracardial therapy. Archives of Internal Medicine 50: 283–305, 1932
Jespersen HF, Granborg J, Hansen U, Torp-Pedersen C, Pedersen A. Feasibility of intracardiac injection of drugs during cardiac arrest. European Heart Journal 11: 269–274, 1990
Jost U. Ein weiteres experimentelles Argument gegen die intrakardiale Injektion bei der Reanimation. Anaesthesist 28: 305, 1979
Jude JR, Kouwenhoven WB, Knickerbocker GG. Cardiac arrest: Report of application of external cardiac massage on 118 patients. Journal of the American Medical Association 178: 1063–1070, 1961
Kaye W, Bircher NG. Access for drug administration during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Critical Care Medicine 16: 179–182, 1988
Keszler H, Carroll GC. Intracardiac injections during resuscitation. Journal of the American Medical Association 246: 123, 1981
Lehman JS, Musser BG, Lykens HD. Cardiac ventriculography. American Journal of Roentgenology 77: 207–234, 1957
Maddocks JL. Intratracheal drugs. Lancet 1: 1276–1276, 1988
Pentel P, Benowitz N. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in drug therapy of cardiac emergencies. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 9: 273–308, 1984
Pierson RN, Grieco M, Swinton N, Dubin M. Circulation time end points: a quantitative comparison of saccharin and radioiodinated albumin as indicators. Circulation 34: 997–1004, 1966
Pun KK. Cardiac tamponade after intracardiac injection. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 12: 66–67, 1984
Quinton DN, O’Byrne G, Aitkenhead AR. Comparison of endotracheal and peripheral intravenous adrenaline in cardiac arrest. Lancet 1: 828–829, 1987
Raehl CL. Endotrcheal drug therapy in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Clinical Pharmacy 5: 572–579, 1986
Redding JS, Pearson JW. Resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation; drug therapy. Journal of the American Medical Association 203: 255–260, 1968
Roberts JR, Greenberg MI, Knaub MA, Baskin SI. Comparison of the pharmacological effects of epinephrine administration by the intravenous and endotracheal routes. Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians 7: 260–264, 1978
Sabin HI, Coghill SB, Khunti K, McNeill GO. Accuracy of intracardiac injections determined by a post-mortem study. Lancet 2: 1054–1055, 1983
Schechter DC. Transthoracic epinephrine injection in heart resuscitation is dangerous. Journal of the American Medical Association 234: 1184, 1975
Steinberg JJ. Intracardiac injection of inotropic agents. Lancet 1: 218, 1984
Yakaitis RW. Intracardiac injections during resuscitation. Journal of the American Medical Association 246: 123, 1981
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pedersen, A., Jespersen, H. & Torp-Pedersen, C. The Place of Intracardiac Injections in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrest. Drugs 42, 915–918 (1991). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199142060-00002
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199142060-00002