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The Therapeutic Dilemma of Hypertension in the Elderly

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Summary

There are good reasons to treat hypertension in the elderly. Elevated blood pressure at any age increases morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Treatment trials suggest that antihypertensive treatment in the elderly decreases strokes, may improve the cardiovascular morbidity, but does not prolong life. Consequently, elevated blood pressure in people over 65 years of age should be treated, but there is no justification for an overly aggressive approach.

Knowledge of side effects of various drugs and appreciation of a patient’s specific features permit individual ‘tailoring’ of the treatment and optimise the outcome.

No present-day antihypertensive drugs are specific for the elderly. The drive to combat cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the elderly continues. New drugs are under development and promise to further improve results.

Résumé

De nombreux facteurs plaident en faveur de l’instauration d’un traitement en cas d’hypertension artérielle chez le sujet âgé. Quel que soit l’ âge du patient, une élévation de la pression artérielle accroît les risques de morbidité et de mortalité dus aux maladies cardio-vasculaires. Les essais thérapeutiques ont indiqué qu’un traitement anti-hypertenseur chez le sujet âgé diminue le nombre des accidents vasculaires cérébraux, peut réduire le risque de morbidité cardiovasculaire, mais ne prolonge cependant pas la durée de vie. En conséquence, il faut traiter l’hypertension artérielle chez le sujet âgé de plus de 65 ans, mais rien ne justifie un traitement trop agressif.

La prise en compte des effets secondaires des différents médicaments et des caractéristiques propres à chaque patient permet de mettre au point un traitement individuel “sur mesure” et d’en optimiser l’issue.

A l’heure actuelle, il n’existe aucun anti-hypertenseur spécifique pour les sujets âgés. La lutte pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité dues aux maladies cardio-vasculaires se poursuit. De nouveaux produits sont en cours de mise au point et semblent promettre de plus nombreux succès dans l’avenir.

Zusammenfassung

Für die Behandlung der Hypertonie bei alten Menschen gibt es gute Gründe. Ein erhöhter Blutdruck steigert in jedem Lebensalter die Morbidität und Mortalität durch kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Therapiestudien legen nahe, daß eine blutdrucksenkende Behandlung bei Alterspatienten die Schlaganfallshäufigkeit mindert, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen möglicherweise bessert, aber das Leben nicht verlängert. Erhöhter Blutdruck bei Menschen über 65 Jahren muß folglich behandelt werden, aber allzu aggressive Maßnahmen sind nicht zu vertreten.

In Kenntnis der Nebenwirkungen verschiedener Therapeutika und unter Berücksichtigung der spezifischen Patientenmerkmale ist es möglich, die Behandlung den individuellen Bedürfnissen des Patienten anzupassen und das Behandlungsergebnis zu optimieren.

Keines der heute verfügbaren Antihypertonika ist speziell auf den alten Menschen zugeschnitten. Die Bekämpfung der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und hoffentlich auch der Mortalität bei Alterspatienten stellt nach wie vor eine Notwendigkeit dar. Neue Pharmaka werden entwickelt, die die Ergebnisse wahrscheinlich weiter verbessern werden.

Resumen

Existen buenas razones para tratar la hipertensión en personas de edad avanzada. En cualquier edad, una presión sanguínea elevada aumenta la morbilidad y la mortalidad causadas por enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se han realizado ensayos de tratamiento que indican que un tratamiento antihipertensor en ancianos disminuye los ataques apopléticos, puede mejorar la morbilidad cardiovascular, pero no prolonga la vida. Por consiguiente, en personas de más de 65 años debe ser tratada una presión sanguínea elevada, pero no está justificado un tratamiento demasiado agresivo.

El conocimiento de los efectos secundarios de los diferentes fármacos y la apreciación de los rasgos específicos de un paciente, permiten establecer un tratamiento “hecho a la medida” del enfermo y se consigue una optimización del resultado.

En la actualidad no hay fármacos antihipertensores que sean específicos para los ancianos. Continúa la exigencia de combatir la morbilidad cardiovascular y, como es de esperar, también la mortalidad en las personas de edad avanzada. Est á n en desarrollo nuevos fármacos, que prometen tener resultados más esperanzadores.

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Julius, S. The Therapeutic Dilemma of Hypertension in the Elderly. Drugs 36 (Suppl 1), 7–17 (1988). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-198800361-00004

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