Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Drug Metabolism and Interaction with Particular Reference to the Liver

  • Special Article
  • Published:
Drugs Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adlercreutz, H. and Tenhunen, R.: Some aspects of the interaction between natural and synthetic female sex hormones and the liver. American Journal of Medicine 49: 630 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvares, A.P.; Schilling, Gayle, and Levin, W.: Species differences in the induction of microsomal hemoproteins and 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 175: 4 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvares, A.P.; Schilling, Gayle; Levin, W.; Kuntzman, R.; Brand, L., and Mark, L.C.: Cytochromes P-450 and b5 in human liver microsomes. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 10: 655 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arias, I.M.; Gartner, L.M.; Cohen, M.; Ben Ezzer, Judith, and Levi, A.J.: Chronic nonhemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with glucuronyl transferase deficiency. Clinical, biochemical, pharmacologic and genetic evidence for heterogeneity. American Journal of Medicine 47: 395 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arias, I.M.; Gartner, L.; Furman, M., and Wolfson, S.: Studies of effect of several drugs on hepatic glucuronide formation in newborn rats and humans. New York Academy of Sciences 111: 274 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R.M.; and Ditman, R.S.: Tranylcypromine: A review. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 6: 631 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berk, P.D.; Bloomer, J.R., and Berlin, N.L.: Y and Z: New terms in the bilirubin equation. New England Journal of Medicine 283: 1166 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, M. and Billing, Barbara H.: Hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity in liver disease and Gilbert’s syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 280: 1266 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, M. and Sherlock, Sheila.: Treatment of Gilbert’s syndrome with phenobarbitone. Lancet 1: 1359 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, B.B.: Physiochemical and biochemical aspects of pharmacology. Journal of the American Medical Association 202: 600 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, B.B.; Burns, J.J., and Weiner, M.: Medicina experimentalis (Basel) 1: 290 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, B.B.; Gillette, J.R., and La Du, B.N.: Enzymatic metabolism of drugs and other foreign compounds. Annual Review of Biochemistry 27: 427–454 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R.R.; Miller, J.A., and Miller, E.C.: The metabolism of methylated aminoazo dyes IV. Dietary factors enhancing demethylation in vitro. Journal of Biological Chemistry 209: 211 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Busfield, D.; Child, K.J.; Atkinson, R.M., and Tomich, E.G.: An effect of phenobarbitone on blood levels of griseofulvin in man. Lancet 2: 1042 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conney, A.H.: Pharmacological implications of microsomal enzyme induction. Pharmacological Reviews 19: 317 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conney, A.H.; Davison, D.; Gastel, R., and Burns, J.J.: Adaptive increases in drug-metabolising enzymes induced by phenobarbital and other drugs. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 130: 1–8 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, G.C.; Mulligan, Rosemary, and Sherlock, Sheila.: Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 40: 159 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooksley, W.G.E. and Powell, L.W.: Unpublished data (1971).

  • Cucinell, S.A.; Conney, A.H.; Sansur, M., and Burns, J.J.: Drug interactions in man. I. Lowering effect of phenobarbital on plasma levels of bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol) and diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin). Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 6: 420 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D.S.; Gigon, P.L., and Gillette, J.R.: Species and sex differences in electron transport systems in liver microsomes and their relationship to ethylmorphine demethylation. Life Sciences 8: 85 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Augustine, R.P.; and Fouts, J.R.: The effects of unsaturated fatty acids on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism and cytochrome. Biochemical Journal 775: 547 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Editorial British Medical Journal 2: 586 (1964).

  • Eling, T.E.; Harbison, R.D.; Becker, B.A., and Fouts, J.R.: Diphenylhydantoin effect on neonatal and adult rat hepatic drug metabolism. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 171: 127 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emans, J.B. and Jones, A.L.: Hypertrophy of liver cell smooth surfaced reticulum following progesterone administration. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 16: 561 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernster, L. and Orrenius, S.: Substrate-induced synthesis of the hydroxylating enzyme system of liver microsomes. Federation Proceedings 24: 1190 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Estabrook, R.W.; Franklin, M.R.; Dohen, Beverley; Shigamatzu, A., and Hildebrandt, A.G.: Influence of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidation reactions on cellular metabolic control. Metabolism 20: 187 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischner, G. and Arias, I.M.: Recent advances in bilirubin formation, transport, metabolism and excretion. American Journal of Medicine 49: 576 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fouts, J.R.: Factors influencing the metabolism of drugs in liver microsomes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 104: 875 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fouts, J.R.: The stimulation and inhibition of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes with special reference to effects of environmental contaminants. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 17: 804 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, K.; Jaffe, H.; Bishop, Yvonne Arnold; Elsie Mackintosh, D.; and Epstein, S.S.: Structure activity relations for methylenedioxyphenyl and related compounds on hepatic microsomal enzyme function, as measured by prolongation of hexobarbital narcosis and zoxazolamine paralysis in mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 16: 482 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garner, R.C. and McLean, A.E.M.: Increased susceptibility to carbon tetrachloride poisoning in the rat after pretreatment with oral phenobarbitone. Biochemical Pharmacology 18: 645 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, L.M. and Arias, I.M.: Formation, transport, metabolism and excretion of bilirubin. New England Journal of Medicine 280: 1339 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gigon, PL.; Gram, T.E., and Gillette, J.R.: Studies on the rate of reduction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: Effect of drug substrates. Molecular Pharmacology 5: 109 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette J.R.: Aspects of drug metabolism relating to pharmacologic activity. American Journal of Pharmacy 147: 64–75 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goss, J.E. and Dickhaus, D.W.: Increased bishydroxycoumarin requirements in patients receiving phenobarbital. New England Journal of Medicine 273: 1094 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govier, W.C.: Reticuloendothelial cells as the site of sulfanilamide acetylation in the rabbit. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 150: 305 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granick, S.: The induction in vitro of the synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in chemical porphyria: A response to certain drugs, sex hormones, and foreign chemicals. Journal of Biological Chemistry 241: 1359 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granick, S. and Kappas, A.J.: Steroid induction of porphyrin synthesis in liver cell culture. I. Structural basis and possible physiological role in the control of heme formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 242: 4587 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greim, H. and Remmer, H.: Abbauhemmung und Synthesesteigerung bei der Vermehrung mikrosomaler Cytochrome durch Phenobarbital. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für Pharmakologie 264: 238 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gumbmann, M.R. and Williams, S.N.: Effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on the ability of aflatoxin B1 to inhibit ribonucleic acid synthesis in rat liver. Biochemical Pharmacology 19: 2861 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, W.; Martens, S., and Sjöqvist, F.: A comparative study of the metabolism of desmethylimipramine, nortriptyline, and oxyphenylbutazone in man. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 10: 44 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, L.G.; Adamson, R.H.; Morris, H.P., and Fouts, J.R.: The stimulation of drug metabolism in various rat hepatomas. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 149: 7 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt, A.; Remmer, H., and Estabrook, R.W.: Cytochrome P450 of liver microsomes — one pigment or many. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 30: 607 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman, J.L. and Gillette, J.R.: The effect of phenobarbital on the synthesis of microsomal phospholipid in female and male rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 22: 639–643 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman, J.L.; Gram, T.E.; Gigon, R.L., and Gillette, J.R.: The distribution of the components of mixed-function oxidase between the rough and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells. Biochemical Journal 770: 407 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J.; Maxwell, J.D.; Carrella, M.; Stewart, D.A., and Williams, R.: Urinary D-glucaric-acid excretion as a test for hepatic enzyme induction in man. Lancet 1: 572 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A.L.; Marver, H.S., and Kroe, E.M.: Anatomical Record 166: 326 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jondorf, W.R.; Simon, D.C., and Aunimelech, M.: The stimulation of amino acid incorporation in a mammalian system with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and cycloheximide. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 22: 644 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Judah, J.D.; McLean, A.E.M., and McLean, Elizabeth K: Biochemical mechanisms of liver injury. American Journal of Medicine 49: 609 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kappas, A. and Granick, S.: Steroid induction of porphyrin synthesis in liver cell culture. II. The effects of heme, uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, and inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on the induction process. Journal of Biological Chemistry 243: 346 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kappas, A. and Song, C.S.: Enzyme induction in the liver. Gastroenterology 55: 731 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kater, R.M.H.; Roggin, G; Tobon, F.; Zieve, P., and Iber, F.L.: Increased rate of clearance of drugs from the circulation of alcoholics. American Journal of Medical Sciences 258: 35 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, R. and Chiesara, E.: Increase of pentobarbitone metabolism induced in rats pretreated with some centrally acting compounds. British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy 18: 29–38 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, R.; Loeb, L., and Gelboin, H.V.: Increased sensitivity of microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats to synthetic messenger RNA (polyuridylic acid): lack of effect on ribosomes. Nature (Lond.) 205: 668 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, R. and Vassanelli, P.: Induction of increased meprobamate metabolism in rats pretreated with some neurotropic drugs. Biochemical Pharmacology 11: 779–794 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita, Florence K. and DuBois, K.P.: Induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by herban, diuron, and other substituted urea herbicides. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 17: 406 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koudstaal, J. and Hardonk, M.J.: Histochemical demonstration of enzymes related to NADPH-dependent hydroxylating systems in rat liver after phenobarbital treatment. Histochemie 20: 68 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kristensen, M.; Hansen, J.M., and Skovsted, L.: The influence of phenobarbital on the half-life of diphenyl-hydantoin in man. Acta Medica Scandinavica 185: 347 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kröber, F.; Lance, G; Mathes, S., and Mor, G.: Qualitative Änderungen in Lebermikrosomen phenobarbital-behandelter Kaninchen. Änderungen der spektralen Dissoziations-Konstanten (Ks) von Anilin und N-Athylaninin, der scheinbaren Michaelis-Konstanten (Km) für die Hydroxylierung dieser Substrate und der Affinität der beteiligten Enzyme für Sauerstoff und Kohlenmonoxid. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für Pharmakologie 267: 307 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuntzman, R.; Laurence, D., and Conney, A.H.: Michaelis constants for the hydroxylation of the steroid hormones and drugs by rat liver microsomes. Molecular Pharmacology 1: 163 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laidlaw, J.; Read, A.E., and Sherlock, J.: Morphine tolerance in hepatic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 40: 389 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi, A.J.; Sherlock, Sheila, and Walker, D.: Phenylbutazone and isoniazid metabolism in patients with liver disease in relation to previous drug therapy. Lancet 1: 1275 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lombrozo, L. and Mitoma, C: Effect of caffeine on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450. Biochemical Pharmacology 19: 2317 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louis-Ferdinand, R.T. and Fuller, G.C.: Suppression of hepatic ribonuclease during phenobarbital stimulation of drug metabolism. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 38: 811 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, Elizabeth K.; McLean, A.E.M., and Sutton, P.M.: Instant cirrhosis. An improved method for producing cirrhosis of the liver in rats by simultaneous administration of carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbitone. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 50: 502 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, I.R.: Chromic hepatitis: effect of prolonged suppressive treatment and comparison of azathioprine and prednisolone. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 37: 379 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhaven, T.V.; Tulbule, P.G., and Gopalan, C.: Aflatoxin-induced hepatic fib rosis in rhesus monkeys. Archives of Pathology (Chicago) 79: 466 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannering, G.J.: Properties of cytochrome P450 as affected by environmental factors: Qualitative changes due to administration of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Metabolism 20: 228 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, H.M.; Wolff, J.A.; Finster, M.; Poppers, P.J.; Pantuck, E.; Kuntzman, R., and Conney, A.H.: Reduction in concentration of total serum-bilirubin in offspring of women treated with phenobarbitone during pregnancy. Lancet 2: 122 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mistilis, S.P. and Garske, Angela.: Induction of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver and gastrointestinal tract. Australasian Annals of Medicine 18: 227 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder, G.J.: The effect of phenobarbital on the sub-microsomal distribution of uridine disphosphate glucuronyl transferase from rat liver. Biochemical Journal 117: 319 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neale, M.G. and Parke, D.V.: The effect of pregnancy on the hydroxylation and reduction of drugs and cytochrome P450 content of rat liver microsomes. Biochemical Journal 113: 12 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuvonen, P.J.; Gothoni, G.; Hackman, R., and Björksten, K.P.: Interference of iron with the absorption of tetracyclines in men. British Medical Journal 4: 532 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omura, T. and Sato, R.: The carbon monoxide binding pigment of liver microsomes. I. Evidence for its hemoprotein nature. Journal of Biological Chemistry 239: 2370 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omura, T.; Sato, R.; Cooper, D.Y.; Rosenthal, O., and Estabrook, R.W.: Function of cytochrome P450 of microsomes. Federation Proceedings 24: 1181 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orrenius, S. and Ernster, L.: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 16: 60 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, G.P.; Axelrod, J., and Brodie, B.B.: Biochemical Pharmacology 1: 152 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Remmer, H: Naturwissenschaften 45: 189 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remmer, H.: Ciba Foundation Symposium. Enzymes and Drug Action p. 276 (1962).

  • Remmer, H.: Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver by treatment with drugs. German Medical Monthly 13: 53–59 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remmer, H.; Greim, H.; Schenkmen, J.B., and Estabrook, R.W.: Methods for the evaluation of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase levels and cytochrome P450. Methods in Enzymology 10: 703 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remmer, H. and Merker, HJ.: Drug-induced changes in the liver endoplasmic reticulum: Association with drug-metabolizing enzymes. Science 142: 1657 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, P.; Turnbull, M.J., and Winterburn, A.: Diurnal variation in sensitivity to and metabolism of barbiturate in the rat: Lack of correlation between in vivo and in vitro findings. European Journal of Pharmacology 12: 375 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, F.; Raina, P.N.; Milholland, R.J., and Nichol, CA.: Induction of several adaptive enzymes by actinomycin. Science 146: 661 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E.; Gang, H,; Misra, P.S., and Lieber, C.S.: Inhibition of drug metabolism by acute ethanol intoxication. A hepatic microsomal mechanism. American Journal of Medicine 49: 801 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. and Lieber, C.S.: Hepatic microsomal enzymes in man and rat: Induction and inhibition by ethanol. Science 162: 690 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scholler, K.L.: Electron-microscopic and autoradiographic studies on the effect of halothane and chloroform on liver cells. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 32 (Suppl.): 5–62 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, R.; Marver, H.S., and Hammaker, L.: Enhanced formation of rapidly labelled bilirubin by phenobarbital: hepatic microsomal cytochromes as a possible source. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 24: 319–328 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, H.M. and Schrogie, J.J.: The effect of various drugs on the binding of warfarin-14C to human albumin. Biochemical Pharmacology 16: 1219–1226 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stiehl, A.; Admirand, W.H., and Thaler, M.M.: Effects of phenobarbital on intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. Gastroenterology 60: 183 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J.: Drug interactions. Some basic mechanisms. II: Interactions not related to drug metabolism. New Ethicals 10 (3) 58 New Ethicals and Medical Progress 6: (3)64 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurman, R.G. and Scholz, R.: Mixed function oxidation in perfused rat liver. Federation Proceedings 28: 3623 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trolle, D.: Phenobarbitone for low-birth-weight babies. Lancet 2: 1123 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vesell, E.S. and Page, J.G.: Genetic control of drug levels in man: Phenylbutazone. Science 159: 1479 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I.M.; Washington, J.A., and Mudge, G.H.: Studies on the renal excretion of salicylate in the dog. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 106: 333(1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, R.M.; Harrison, Y.E.; Conney, A.H.; Poppers, P.J., and Finster, M.: Cigarette smoking: Stimulatory effect on metabolism of 3,4-benzpyrene by enzymes in human placenta. Science 160: 541 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werk, E.E.; Sholiton, L.J., and Olinger, C.P.: 2nd International Congress on Hormonal Steroids, Milan. Abstracts of the International Congress Series III p. 301 (1966).

  • Whelton, M.J.; Krustev, L.P., and Billing, Barbara H.: Reduction in serum bilirubin by phenobarbital in adult unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Is enzyme induction responsible? American Journal of Medicine 45: 160 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia

    W. G. E. Cooksley &  L. W. Powell

Authors
  1. W. G. E. Cooksley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. W. Powell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cooksley, W.G.E., Powell, L.W. Drug Metabolism and Interaction with Particular Reference to the Liver. Drugs 2, 177–189 (1971). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-197102030-00001

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-197102030-00001

Key Words

Search

Navigation