References
Benowitz NL. Nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy. Journal of the American Medical Association 22: 3174–3177, 1991
Benowitz NL, Porchet H, Sheiner L, Jacob P III. Nicotine absorption and cardiovascular effects with smokeless tobacco use: comparison with cigarettes and nicotine gum. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 44: 23–28, 1988
Fagerstrom KO. Efficacy of nicotine chewing gum: a review. In Pomerleau & Pomerleau (Eds) Nicotine replacement in the treatment for smoking, pp. 109–128, Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988
Fagerstrom KO, Lunell E, Molander L. Continuous and intermittent transdermal delivery of nicotine: blockade of withdrawal symptoms and side effects. Journal of Smoking Related Disorders 2: 173–180, 1991
Henningfield JE, London ED, Benowitz NL. Arterial-venous differences in plasma concentrations of nicotine after cigarette smoking. Journal of the American Medical Association 263: 2049–2050, 1990
Hughes JR, Higgins ST, Hatsukami D. Effects of abstinence from tobacco: a critical review. In Kozlowski et al. (Eds) Research advances in alcohol and drug problems, pp. 317–398, Plenum Press, New York, 1990
Jarvik ME, Schneider NG. Nicotine. In Lowinson et al. (Eds) Comprehensive textbook on substance abuse, 2nd ed., pp. 334–356, Williams & Wilkins, New York, 1992
Jarvis M. Nasal nicotine solution: its potential in smoking cessation and as a research tool. In Ockene JK (Ed.) Pharmacologic treatment of tobacco dependence: proceedings of the World Congress, pp. 167–173, Harvard Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy, Cambridge, MA, 1986
Rose JE. The role of upper airway stimulation in smoking. In Pomerleau & Pomerleau (Eds) Nicotine replacement in the treatment of smoking, pp. 95–106, Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988
Sachs DPL. Advances in smoking cessation treatment. Current Pulmonology 12: 139–198, 1991
Sachs DPL, Sawe U, Leischow SJ. Nicotine transdermal patch, smoking cessation and gender. In Harris LS (Ed.) Problems of drug dependence: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting. NIDA Research Monograph, US Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC, in press, 1992
Schneider NG, Jarvik ME, Forsythe AB. Nicotine vs placebo gum in the alleviation of withdrawal during smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors 9: 149–156, 1984
Srivastava ED, Russell MAH, Feyerabend C, Masterson JG, Rhodes J. Sensitivity and tolerance to nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers. Psychopharmacology 105: 63–68, 1991
Tonnesen P, Fryde V, Hansen M, Heisted J, Gunnerson AB, et al. Two and four mg nicotine chewing gum and group counselling in smoking cessation: an open, randomized, controlled trial with a 22 month follow-up. Addictive Behaviors 13: 17–27, 1988
Tonnesen P, Norregaard J, Simonsen K, Sawe U. A double-blind trial of a 16-hour transdermal nicotine patch in smoking cessation. New England Journal of Medicine 325: 311–315, 1991
US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: nicotine addiction. A report of the Surgeon General, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1988
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schneider, N.G. Nicotine Therapy in Smoking Cessation. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 23, 169–172 (1992). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199223030-00001
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199223030-00001