References
Bigger, J.T.: The quinidine-digoxin interaction. International Journal of Cardiology 1: 109–116 (1981).
Duhme, D.W.; Greenblatt, D.J. and Koch-Weser, J.: Reduction of digoxin toxicity associated with measurement of serum levels. Annals of Internal Medicine 80: 516–519 (1974).
Eraker, S.A. and Sasse, L.: The serum digoxin test and digoxin toxicity: A Bayesian approach to decision making. Circulation 64: 409–420 (1981).
Green, L.H. and Smith, T.W.: The use of digitalis in patients with pulmonary disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 87: 459–465 (1977).
Henderson, R.R.; Bessey, P.Q.; Abelmann, W.H. and Stason, W.B.: Scrum digoxin levels in a cardiac outpatient population: A prospective clinical study. Circulation 43: 11–177 (1971).
Ingelfinger, J.A. and Goldman, P.: The serum digitalis concentration — does it diagnose digitalis toxicity? New England Journal of Medicine 294: 867–870 (1976).
Klein, M.D.; Lown, B.; Barr, I.; Hagemeijer, F.; Garrison, H. and Axelrod, P.: Comparison of serum digoxin level measurement with acetyl strophanthidin tolerance testing. Circulation 49: 1053–1062 (1974).
Kumar, R.; Hood, W.B.; Joison, J.; Gilmour, D.P.; Norman, J.C. and Abelmann, W.H.: Experimental myocardial infarction. VI. Efficacy and toxicity of digitalis in acute and healing phase in intact conscious dogs. Journal of Clinical Investigation 49: 358–364 (1970).
Lindenbaum, J.; Rund, D.G.; Butler, V.P.; Tse-Eng, D. and Saha, J.R.: Inactivation of digoxin by the gut flora: Reversal by antibiotic therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 305: 789–794 (1981).
Morris, J.J. Jr.; Taft, C.V.; Whalen, R.E. and Mcintosh, H.D.: Digitalis and experimental myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 77: 342–355 (1969).
Pedoe, H.D.T.: Digoxin prescribing in general practice, 1967–1977. Lancet 2: 931–933 (1978).
Rahimtoola, S.H. and Gunnar, R.M.: Digitalis in acute myocardial infarction: Help or hazard? Annals of Internal Medicine 82: 234–240 (1975).
Seller, R.H.; Congiano, J.; Kim, K.E.; Mendelssohn, S.; Brest, A.N. and Swartz, C.: Digitalis toxicity and hypomagnesemia. American Heart Journal 79: 57–68 (1970).
Smith, T.W.; Antman, E.M.; Friedman, P.L.; Blatt, C.M. and Marsh, J.M.: Digitalis glycosides: Mechanisms and manifestations of toxicity. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (In press, 1983).
Smith, T.W.; Butler, V.P.; and Haber, E.: Determination of therapeutic and toxic serum digoxin concentrations by radioimmunoassay. New England Journal of Medicine 281: 1212–1216 (1969).
Smith, T.W. and Curfman, G.D.: Radioimmunoassay of cardiac glycosides; in Strauss and Pitt (Eds) Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine. p. 394 (C.V. Mosby, St. Louis 1979).
Surawicz, B.: Use of the chelating agent, EDTA, in digitalis intoxication and cardiac arrhythmias. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2: 432–443 (1959).
Szefler. S.J. and Jusko. W.J.: Decreased volume of distribution of digoxin in a patient with renal failure. Research Communications in Chemistry, Pathology and Pharmacology 6: 1095–1098 (1973).
Vitti. T.G.; Banes, D. and Byers, T.E.: Bioavailability of digoxin. New England Journal of Medicine 285: 1433–1434 (1971).
Weintraub, M.; Karch, F.; Morgan, J.P.; Trabert, M.A.; Sorensen, A.; Becker, L.A. and Lasagna, L.: Digoxin-prescribing. Journal of the American Medical Association 242: 445–448 (1979).
Withering, W.: An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses, with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases; in Willius and Keyes (Eds) Classics of Cardiology, p. 227 (Dover Publications, New York 1941).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, T.H., Smith, T.W. Serum Digoxin Concentration and Diagnosis of Digitalis Toxicity Current Concepts. Clin Pharmacokinet 8, 279–285 (1983). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-198308040-00001
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-198308040-00001