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Xerostomia and Hyposalivation

Causes, Consequences and Treatment in the Elderly

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Abstract

Xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) are prevalent in elderly populations, causing much discomfort and even difficulties in eating. SGH also increases the occurrence and severity of oral diseases and makes the patient susceptible to candidiasis. The principal causes of SGH and xerostomia are systemic diseases and drugs used daily. The diagnosis of SGH and xerostomia is based on simple methods, of which measuring both unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate is the most important. Treatment calls for proper management of underlying disease, avoidance of all unnecessary medications, and topical remedies such as artificial saliva substitutes. However, good hydration is essential in the elderly with SGH and xerostomia, and water is the drink of choice. In extremely difficult cases, for instance in patients receiving radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck regions, parasympathomimetic drugs may be administered if no contraindications exist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sector of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Timo O. Närhi

  2. Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Timo O. Närhi

  3. Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Jukka H. Meurman & Anja Ainamo

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  1. Timo O. Närhi
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  2. Jukka H. Meurman
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Correspondence to Timo O. Närhi.

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Närhi, T.O., Meurman, J.H. & Ainamo, A. Xerostomia and Hyposalivation. Drugs Aging 15, 103–116 (1999). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199915020-00004

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