References
Lamy PP. Medication use for the geriatric population. Current Concepts. Michigan: The Upjohn Company, 1991
NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council). Medication and the older person. Series on clinical management problems in the elderly, no. 7. Report of the Health Care Committee Expert Panel for health care of the elderly. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994
Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1989-90 National Health Survey, Health Related Actions, Australia. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 1992. Catalogue no. 4375.0.: 50-4
Helling DK, Lemke JH, Semla TP. et al. Medication use characteristics in the elderly: the Iowa 65+ rural health study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987; 35: 4–12
Stoller EP. Prescribed and over-the-counter medicine use by the ambulatory elderly. Med Care 1988; 26: 1149–57
Hale WE, May FE, Marks RG. et al. Drug use in an ambulatory elderly population: a five-year update. Drug Int Clin Pharm 1987; 21: 530–5
Magaziner J, Cadigan DA, Fedder DO, et al. Medication use and functional decline among community-dwelling older women. J Aging Health 1989; 1: 470–84
Fincham JE. Over-the-counter drug use and misuse by the ambulatory elderly: a review of the literature. J Geriatr Drug Ther 1986; 1: 3–21
Benrimoj SI, Chua SS. Predictors of nonprescription medication use. J Pharm Marketing Manage 1990; 5: 3–27
Conn VS. Older adults: factors that predict the use of over-the-counter medication. J Adv Nursing 1991; 16: 1190–6
Johnson RE, Pope CR. Nonprescription drug use among the elderly. Am J Prev Med 1985; 1: 41–6
Lamy PP. Nonprescription drugs and the elderly. Am Fam Physician 1989; 39: 175–9
Bowden M. Schedule 3 medications and the prescription to non-prescription switch [thesis]. Sydney: University of Sydney, 1993
Sloan RW. Principles of drug therapy in geriatric patients. Am Fam Physician 1992; 45: 2709–18
Weiman HM. Avoiding common pitfalls of geriatric prescribing. Geriatrics 1986; 41: 81–9
Calabro JJ. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy in the elderly. Am J Med 1985; 79 Suppl. 4B: 33–4
Abrams WB, Berkow R, editors. The Merck manual of geriatrics. New Jersey: Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 1990
Olin BR, editor. Drug interaction facts. 3rd rev. ed. St Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1992
The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. USP dispensing information, drug information for the health care professional. 13th rev. ed. Maryland: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 1993; 1
Moller H, Nissen A, Mosbech J. Use of cimetidine and other peptic ulcer drugs in Denmark 1977-1990 with analysis of the risk of gastric cancer among cimetidine users. Gut 1992; 33: 1166–9
Andersen M, Schou JS. Over-the-counter availability of H2-antagonists, safety implications. Curr Therapeut 1993; 34: 17–23
Pharmaceutical Medicines Association of Australia Legislation Service. Sydney: Pharmaceutical Medicines Association of Australia Legislation Service; 1995 Apr 26. Report no.: #81
Lin JH. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of histamine H2-receptor antagonists: relationship between intrinsic potency and effective plasma concentrations. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991; 20: 218–36
Jenike MA. Cimetidine in elderly patients. Review of uses and risks. J Am Geriatr Soc 1982; 30: 170–3
Adler LE, Sadja L, Wilets G. Cimetidine toxicity manifested as paranoia and hallucinations. Am J Psychiatry 1980; 137: 1112–3
Totte J, Scharpe S, Verkerk R, et al. Neurological dysfunction associated with abnormal levels of cimetidine metabolite [letter]. Lancet 1981; 1: 1047
Drayer DE, Ramankiewicz J, Lorenzo B, et al. Age and renal clearance of cimetidine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982; 31: 45–50
Robinson TJ, Mulligan TO. Cimetidine and mental confusion [letter]. Lancet 1977; 2: 719
Delaney JC, Ravey M. Cimetidine and mental confusion [letter]. Lancet 1977; 2: 512
Wood CA, Isaacson MI, Hibbs MS. Cimetidine and mental confusion. JAMA 1978; 239: 2550–1
Mogelnicki SR, Waller JL, Finlayson DC. Physostigmine reversal of cimetidine-induced mental confusion. JAMA 1979; 241: 826–7
Young CJ, Daneshmend TK, Roberts CJC. Effects of cirrhosis and aging on the elimination and bioavailability of ranitidine. Gut 1982; 23: 819–23
Merck and Co. Inc. Product Information: Pepcid®. West Point (PA): Merck and Co Inc, 1993
Takabatake T, Ohta H, Maekawa M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of famotidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist, in relation to renal function. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 28: 327–31
Inotsume N, Nishimura M, Fujiyama S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of elderly patients with and without renal insufficiency and in healthy young volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 36: 517–20
Henann NE, Carpenter DU, Janda SM. Famotidine-associated mental confusion in elderly patients. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1988; 22: 976–8
Humphries TJ. Famotidine: a notable lack of drug interaction. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987; 22: 55–60
Johnson AG, Day RO. The problems and pitfalls of NSAID therapy in the elderly (Part I). Drugs Aging 1991; 1: 130–43
The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. USP dispensing information, drug information for the health care professional. 11th rev. ed. Maryland: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 1991; 1
Sager DS, Bennett RM. Individualizing the risk/benefit ratio of NSAIDS in older patients. Geriatrics 1992; 47: 24–31
Henry D, Dobson A, Turner C. Variability in the risk of major gastrointestinal complications from nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1078–88
Weinblatt ME. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity: increased risk in the elderly. Scand J Rheumatol 1991; 91 Suppl.: 9–17
MicroMedex Inc. MicroMedex® Computerised Clinical Information Systems, CCIS International. Colorado: MicroMedex Inc. 1974-1994; 81
Willis JV, Kendall MJ. Pharmacokinetic studies on diclofenac sodium in young and old volunteers. Scand J Rheumatol 1978; 22 Suppl.: 36–41
Brater DC. Drug-drug and drug-disease interactions with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Am J Med 1986; 80 (1A Suppl.): 62–77
Hundal O, Rugstad HE, Husby G. Naproxen free plasma concentrations and unbound fractions in patients with osteo-arthritis: relation to age, sex, efficacy, and adverse events. Ther Drug Monit 1991; 13: 478–84
Upton RA, Williams RL, Kelly J, et al. Naproxen pharmaco-kinetics in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 18: 207–14
McVerry RM, Lethbridge J, Martin N, et al. Pharmacokinetics of naproxen in elderly patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 31: 463–8
Cohen A, Basch C. Steady state pharmacokinetics of naproxen in young and elderly healthy volunteers. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1988; 17: 7–11
Roth SH. Naproxen: antirheumatic efficacy and safety in patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1988; 17: 36–9
Marks R, Dykes P. Plasma and cutaneous drug levels after topical application of piroxicam gel: a study in healthy volunteers. Skin Pharmacol 1994; 7: 340–4
Pfizer Pty Ltd. Product Information: Feldene®. Australia: Pfizer Pty Ltd, 1995
Friedman H, Greenblatt DJ. The pharmacokinetics of doxy-lamine: use of automated gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 25: 448–51
Friedman H, Greenblatt DJ, Scavone JM, et al. Clearance of the antihistamine doxylamine reduced in elderly men but not in elderly women. Clin Pharmacokinet 1989; 16: 312–6
Anon. FDC reports: prescription and OTC Pharmaceuticals M the Pink Sheet. 1992 July 27; 54: 3-4
Simons KJ, Martin TJ, Watson W, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of terfenadine and chlorpheniramine in the elderly. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990; 85: 540–7
Anon. Claratyne. Curr Ther 1995; 36: 102-3
Piafsky KM, Sitar DS, Rangno RE. Theophylline disposition in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1977; 296: 1495–7
Piafsky KM, Sitar DS, Rangno RE, et al. Theophylline kinetics in acute pulmonary edema. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977; 21: 310–6
Mangione A, Imhoff TE, Lee RU, et al. Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in hepatic disease. Chest 1978; 73: 616–22
Antal EJ, Kramer PA, Mercik SA, et al. Theophylline pharmacokinetics in advanced age. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 12: 637–45
AMA Department of Drugs. Drug evaluations subscription. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1991
Garnett WR. Sucralfate M alternative therapy for peptic ulcer disease. Clin Pharm 1982; 1: 307–14
Maibach HI. In vivo percutaneous penetration of corticoids in man and unresolved problems in their efficacy. Dermato-logica 1976; 152 (1 Suppl.): 11–25
Bowden M, Benrimoj SI. Proposals for amending the criteria for tranferring medicines from prescription to non-prescription. Aust Pharmacist 1994; 13: 519–25
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Benrimoj, S.I., Langford, J.H., Bowden, M.G. et al. Switching Drug Availability from Prescription Only to Over-the-Counter Status. Drugs & Aging 7, 255–265 (1995). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199507040-00001
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199507040-00001