References
ACP Task Force on Adult Immunization and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guide for Adult Immunization, 2nd ed., pp. 78–83, 91-96, 110-113, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, 1990
Barker WH. Excess pneumonia and influenza associated hospitalization during influenza epidemics in the United States, 1970–1978. American Journal of Public Health 76: 761–765, 1986
Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Influenza vaccination of elderly persons: reduction in pneumonia and influenza hospitalization and deaths. Journal of the American Medical Association 244: 2547–2549, 1980
Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Pneumonia and influenza deaths during epidemics: implications for prevention. Archives of Internal Medicine 142: 85–89, 1982
Barton MB, Schoenbaum SC. Improving influenza vaccination performance in an HMO setting: the use of computer-generated reminders and peer comparison feedback. American Journal of Public Health 80: 534–536, 1990
Bentley DW. Vaccinations. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 8: 745–760, 1992
Bolan G, Broome CV, Facklam RR, et al. Pneumococcal vaccine efficacy in selected populations in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine 104: 1–6, 1986
Broome CV, Breiman RF. Pneumococcal vaccine — past, present, and future. New England Journal of Medicine 325: 1506–1507, 1991
Buchner DM, Larson EB, White RF. Influenza vaccination in community elderly: a controlled trial of postcard reminders. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 35: 755–760, 1987
Buffington J, Bell KM, LaForce MF, et al. A target-based model for increasing influenza immunizations in private practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine 6: 204–209, 1991
Butler JC, Breiman RF, Campbell SF, Lipman HB, Broome CV, et al. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy: an evaluation of current recommendations. Journal of the American Medical Association 270: 1826–1831, 1993
Cates CJ. A handout about tetanus immunisation: influence on immunisation rate in general practice. British Medical Journal 300: 789–790, 1990
Centers for Disease Control. Tetanus — United States, 1985–1986. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 36: 477–481, 1987
Centers for Disease Control. Adult immunization: knowledge, attitudes, and practices — DeKalb and Fulton Counties, Georgia, 1988. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 37: 657–661, 1988
Centers for Disease Control. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 38: 64–76, 1989a
Centers for Disease Control. Influenza vaccination levels in selected states — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 38: 124, 129-133, 1989b
Centers for Disease Control. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis: recommendations for vaccine use and other preventive measures: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 40 (No. RR-10): 1-28, 1991a
Centers for Disease Control. Successful strategies in adult immunization. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 40: 700–703, 709, 1991b
Centers for Disease Control. National coalition for adult immunization: activities to increase influenza vaccination levels, 1989–1991. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 41: 772–775, 1992a
Centers for Disease Control. Medicare influenza vaccine demonstration — selected states, 1988–1992. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 41: 152–155, 1992b
Centers for Disease Control. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 41 (no. RR-9): 1–17, 1992c
Clancy CM, Gelfman D, Poses RM. A strategy to improve the utilization of pneumococcal vaccine. Journal of General Internal Medicine 7: 14–18, 1992
Fedson DS. Influenza and pneumococcal immunization strategies for physicians. Chest 91: 436–443, 1987
Fedson DS. The influenza vaccination demonstration project: an expanded policy goal. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 11: 357–361, 1990
Fedson DS. Clinical practice and public policy for influenza and pneumococcal vaccination of the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 8: 183–199, 1992
Fedson DS, Waajda A, Nicol P, Roos LL. Disparity between influenza vaccination rates and risks for influenza-associated hospital discharge and death in Manitoba in 1982–1983. Annals of Internal Medicine 116: 550–555, 1992
Forrester HL, Jahnigen DW, LaForce FM. Inefficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in a high-risk population. American Journal of Medicine 83: 425–430, 1987
Frank JW, McMurray L, Henderson M. Influenza vaccination in the elderly. 2. The economics of sending reminder letters. Canadian Medical Association Journal 132: 516–521, 1985
Ganguly R, Vargas L, Schier S. Factors affecting prophylactic immunization compliance in elderly veterans: a study of pneumococcal immunization in the aged. Age 11: 70–73, 1988
Gardner P, Schaffner W. Immunization of adults. New England Journal of Medicine 328: 1252–1258, 1993
Harnisch JP, Tronca E, Nolan CM, Turck M, Holmes KK. Diphtheria among alcoholic urban adults. Annals of Internal Medicine 111: 71–82, 1989
Holmes RK. Diphtheria. In Wilson et al. (Eds) Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 12th edn, pp. 570–572, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1991
Hutchinson BG, Shannon HS. Effect of repeated annual reminder letters on influenza immunization among elderly patients. Journal of Family Practice 33: 187–189, 1991
Karzon DT, Edwards KM. Diphtheria outbreaks in immunized populations. New England Journal of Medicine 318: 41–43, 1988
Kendal AP, Patriarca PA, Arden NH. Policies and outcomes for control of influenza among the elderly in the USA. Vaccine 3: 274–276, 1985
Klein RS, Adachi N. An effective hospital-based pneumococcal immunization program. Archives of Internal Medicine 146: 327–329, 1986
Knoell KR, Leeds AL. Influenza vaccination program for elderly outpatients. Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 48: 256–259, 1991
Kubetin SK. Medicare now pays for giving flu shots. Family Practice News 23: 6, 1993
LaForce FM. Immunization, immunoprophylaxis, and chemoprophylaxis to prevent selected infections, U.S. Preventive Service Task Force. Journal of the American Medical Association 257: 2464–2470, 1987
LaForce FM, Eickhoff TC. Pneumococcal vaccine: an emerging consensus. Annals of Internal Medicine 108: 757–759, 1988
Leirer VO, Morrow DG, Pariante G, et al. Increasing influenza vaccination adherence through voice mail. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 37: 1147–1150, 1989
Locarnini S, MacIntyre R. Influenza — the need for vaccination. Australian Family Physician 22: 85, 1993
Margolis KL, Lofgren RP, Korn JE. Organizational strategies to improve influenza vaccine delivery. A standing order in a general medicine clinic. Archives of Internal Medicine 148: 2205–2207, 1988
McBean AM, Babish D, Prihoda R. The utilization of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among elderly Medicare beneficiaries, 1985 through 1988. Archives of Internal Medicine 151: 2009–2016, 1991
McDowell I, Newell C, Rosser W. Comparison of three methods of recalling patients for influenza vaccination. Canadian Medical Association Journal 135: 991–997, 1986
McDowell I, Newell C, Rosser W. A follow-up study of patients advised to obtain influenza immunizations. Family Medicine 22: 303–306, 1990
Meynaar IA, van’t Wout JW, Vandenbroucke JP, van Furth R. Use of influenza vaccine in the Netherlands. British Medical Journal 303: 508–509, 1991
Moran WP, Nelson K, Wofford JL, et al. Computer-generated mailed reminders for influenza immunization: a clinical trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 7: 535–537, 1992
Morris A, Lang SDR. Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal disease — are we doing our best?. New Zealand Medical Journal 102: 193–195, 1989
Nichol KL. Improving influenza vaccination rates for high-risk inpatients. American Journal of Medicine 91: 584–588, 1991
Nichol KL. Long-term success with the national health objective for influenza vaccination: an institution-wide model. Journal of General Internal Medicine 7: 595–600, 1992
Nicholson KG. Immunisation against influenza among people aged over 65 living at home in Leicestershire during winter 1991–2. British Medical Journal 306: 974–976, 1993
Noah ND. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection: only for selected cases. British Medical Journal 297: 1351–1352, 1988
Patriarca PA, Weber JA, Meissner MK, et al. Use of influenza vaccine in nursing homes. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 33: 463–466, 1985
Perrotta DM, Decker M, Glezen WP. Acute respiratory disease hospitalizations as a measure of impact of epidemic influenza. American Journal of Epidemiology 122: 468–476, 1985
Powers DC. Immunological principles and emerging strategies of vaccination for the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 40: 81–94, 1992
Public Health Service. Healthy people 2000: national health promotion and disease prevention objectives, pp. 509–526, Department of Health and Human Services (Public Health Service), Washington DC, 1990
Richardson JP, Knight AL. The prevention of tetanus in the elderly. Archives of Internal Medicine 151: 1712-1717 (Erratum Archives of Internal Medicine 151: 2451), 1991
Richardson JP, Knight AL. The management and prevention of tetanus. Journal of Emergency Medicine 11: 737–742, 1993
Richardson JP, Knight AL, Stafford DT. Beliefs and policies of Maryland nursing home medical directors regarding tetanus immunization. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 38: 1316–1320, 1990
Riddiough MA, Willems JS, Sanders CR, Kemp K. Factors affecting the use of vaccines: considerations for immunization program planners. Public Health Reports 96: 528–535, 1981
Rosenstock IM, Derryberry M, Carriger BK. Why people fail to seek poliomyelitis vaccination. Public Health Reports 74: 98–103, 1959
Rundall TG, Wheeler JRC. Factors associated with utilization of the swine flu vaccination program among senior citizens in Tompkins County. Medical Care 17: 191–200, 1979
Setia U, Servanti I, Lorenz P. Factors affecting the use of influenza vaccine in the institutionalized elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 12: 856–858, 1985
Shapiro ED, Clemens JD. A controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections. Annals of Internal Medicine 101: 325–330, 1984
Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, et al. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine 325: 1453–1460, 1991
Siebers MJ, Hunt VB. Increasing the pneumococcal vaccination rate of elderly patients in a general internal medicine clinic. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 33: 175–178, 1985
Simberkoff MS, Cross AP, Al-Ibrahim M, et al. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk patients: results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study. New England Journal of Medicine 315: 1318–1327, 1986
Sims RV, Steinmann WC, McConville JH, et al. The clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly. Annals of Internal Medicine 108: 653–657, 1988
Smith JWG. Tetanus. In Wilson et al. (Eds) Topley and Wilson’s principles of bacteriology, virology and immunity, 7th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 345–368, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1984
Stehr-Green PA, Sprauer MA, Williams WA, et al. Predictors of vaccination behavior among persons ages 65 years and older. American Journal of Public Health 80: 1127–1129, 1990
Swartz MN. Anaerobic spore-forming bacilli: the clostridia. In Davis et al. (Eds) Microbiology, 4th ed., pp. 633–646, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1990
Tobacman JK. Increased use of pneumococcal vaccination in a medicine clinic following initiation of a quality assessment monitor. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13: 144–146, 1992
Walker CL, Patterson R, Wu A, Bennett E. Influenza vaccination: a successful outpatient program. Allergy Proceedings 13: 317–319, 1992
Weingarten S, Riedinger M, Bolton LB, et al. Barriers to influenza vaccine acceptance. A survey of physicians and nurses. American Journal of Infection Control 17: 202–207, 1989
Williams WW, Hickson MA, Kane MA, et al. Immunization policies and vaccine coverage among adults: the risk for missed opportunities. Annals of Internal Medicine 108: 616–625, 1988
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Richardson, J.P., Michocki, R.J. Removing Barriers to Vaccination Use by Older Adults. Drugs & Aging 4, 357–365 (1994). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199404050-00001
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199404050-00001