Skip to main content
Log in

Treatment of Mild Congestive Heart Failure

The Potential for New Drugs to Reduce the Risks

  • Leading Article
  • Published:
Drug Safety Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Agostoni PG, De Cesare N, Doria E, Polese A, Tamborini G, et al. Afterload reduction: a comparison of captopril and nifedipine in dilated cardiomyopathy. British Heart Journal 55: 391–399, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alicandri C, Fariello R, Boni E, Zaninelli A, Muiesan G. Ibopamine vs digoxin in chronic heart failure: a double-blind, crossover study. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 14 (Suppl. 8): S77–S82, 1989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold SB, Byrd RC, Meist W, Melmon K, Chitlin MD, et al. Long-term digitalis therapy improves left ventricular function in heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 303: 1443–1448, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaune J. Comparison of enalapril versus digoxin for congestive heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology 63: 22D-25D, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer L. Transduction of receptor signal into modulation of effector activity by G proteins: the first 20 years or so. FA-SEB Journal 4: 3178–3188, 1990a

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer L. G proteins in signal transduction. Annual Reviews of Pharmacology and Toxicology 30: 675–705, 1990

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonow RO, Dilsizian V, Rosing DR, Maron BJ, Bacharach SL, et al. Verapamil-induced improvement in left ventricular diastolic filling and increased exercise tolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: short- and long-term effects. Circulation 72: 853–864, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bristol JA, Evans DB. Agents for the treatment of heart failure Medicinal Research Reviews 3: 259–287, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bristow MR, Ginsburg W, Minobe W, Cubiciotti RS, Sageman WS, et al. Decreased catecholamine sensitivity and β-adrenergic receptor density in failing human hearts. New England Journal of Medicine 307: 205–211, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group. Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. Journal of the American Medical Association 259: 539–544, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cargnelli G, Piovan D, Bova S, Padrini R, Ferrari M. Present and future trends in research and clinical applications of inodilators. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 14 (Suppl. 8): S124–132, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charlap S, Lichstein E, Frishman WH. β-adrenergic blocking drugs in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Medical Clinics of North America 73: 372–385, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn JN. Inotropic therapy for heart failure: paradise postponed. New England Journal of Medicine 320: 729–731, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn JN. Mechanisms in heart failure and the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. American Journal of Cardiology 66: 2D-6D, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Francis GS, Ziesche S, Franciosa JA, et al. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on vasodilator therapy of heart failure: influence of prerandomization variables on the reduction of mortality by treatment with hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. Circulation 75: IV–49–54, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, Franciosa JA, Harston WE, et al. Effects of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. New England Journal of Medicine 314: 1429–1435, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S, Cobb F, Francis G, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 325: 303–310, 1991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn JN, Rector TS. Prognosis of congestive heart failure and predictors of mortality. American Journal of Cardiology 62: 25A-30A, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colucci WS, Wright RF. Braunwald E. New positive inotropic agents in the treatment of congestive heart failure: mechanisms of action and recent clinical developments. New England Journal of Medicine 314: 290–299, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the cooperative North Scandinavian enalapril survival study (CONSENSUS). New England Journal of Medicine 316: 1429–1435, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowley AJ, Wynne RD, Stainer K, Fullwood L, Rowley JM, et al. Flosequinan in heart failure: acute haemodynamic and longer term symptomatic effects. British Medical Journal 297: 169–173, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiBianco R, Shabetai R, Kostuk W, Moran J, Schlant RC, et al. A comparison of oral milrinone, digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 320: 677–683, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobbs SM, Kenyon WL, Dobbs RJ. Maintenance digoxin after an episode of heart failure: placebo-controlled trial in outpatients. British Medical Journal 1: 749–752, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelmeier RS, O’Connel JB, Walsh R, Rad N, Scanlon PJ, et al. Improvement in systems and exercise tolerance by metoprolol in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a double blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 72: 536–546, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans DB, Weishaar RE, Kaplan HR. Strategy for the discovery and development of positive inotropic agents. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 16: 303–330, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falotico R, Haertlein BJ, Lakas-Weiss CS, Salata JJ, Tobia AJ. Positive inotropic and hemodynamic properties of flosequinan, a new vasodilator, and a sulfone metabolite. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 14: 412–418, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman AM, Cates AE, Veazey WB, Hershberger RE, Bristow MR, et al. Increase of the 40,000 mol wt. pertussis toxin substrate (G-protein) in the failing human heart. Journal of Clinical Investigation 82: 189–197, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferner GR, Saudners JH, Mendez C. A cellular mechanism for the generation of ventricular arrhythmias by acetylstrophanthidin. Circulation Research 32: 600–609, 1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleg L, Gottlieb SH, Lakatta EG. Is digoxin really important in compensated heart failure? American Journal of Medicine 73: 244–250, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler MB, Laser JA, Hopkins GL, Minobe W, Bristow MR. Assessment of the β-adrenergic receptor pathway in the intact failing human heart: progressive receptor down-regulation and subsensitivity to agonist response. Circulation 74: 1290–1304, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francis GS, Cohn JN. Heart failure: mechanisms of cardiac and vascular dysfunction and the rationale for pharmacologic intervention. FASEB Journal 4: 3068–3075, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geltman EM. Mild heart failure: diagnosis and treatment. American Heart Journal 118: 1277–1291, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • German and Austrian Xamoterol Study Group. Double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of digoxin and xamoterol in chronic heart failure. Lancet 1: 399–493, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg LI, Rajfer SI. Dopamine receptors: applications in clinical cardiology. Circulation 72: 245–248, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gradman A, Deedwania P, Cody R, Massie B, Packer M, et al. Predictors of total mortality and sudden death in mild to moderate heart failure. Captopril-Digoxin Study Group. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 14: 564–570, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg S, Touhey B. Positive inotropy contributes to the hemodynamic mechanism of action of flosequinan (BTS 49465) in the intact dog. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 15: 900–910, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guyatt GH, Sullivan MJJ, Fallen EL, Tihal H, Rideout E, et al. A controlled trial of digoxin in congestive heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology 61: 371–375, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heilbrunn SM, Shah P, Bristow MR, Valentine HA, Ginsburg R, et al. Increased β-receptor density and improved hemodynamic response to catecholamine stimulation during long-term metoprolol therapy in heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 79: 483–490, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopf R, Kaltenbach M. Management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Annual Review of Medicine 41: 75–83, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horn EM, Corwin SJ, Steinberg SF, Chow YK, Neuberg GW, et al. Reduced lymphocyte stimulatory guanin nucleotide regulatory protein and β-adrenergic receptors with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. Circulation 78: 1373–1379, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikram H, Chan W, Espiner EA, Nicholls MG. Haemodynamic and hormone responses to acute and chronic frusemide therapy in congestive heart failure. Clinical Science 59: 443–449, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikram H, Fitzpatrick D. Beta blockade for dilated cardiomyopathy: the evidence against therapeutic benefit. European Heart Journal 4 (Suppl. A): 179–180, 1983

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly RA. Cardiac glycosides and congestive heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology 65: 10E-16E 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler PD, Packer M. Hemodynamic effects of BTS 49465, a new long-acting systemic vasodilator drug, in patients with severe congestive heart failure. American Heart Journal 113: 137–143, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimmelstiel C, Benotti JR. How effective is digitalis in the treatment of congestive heart failure? American Heart Journal 116: 1063–1070, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleber FX. Einfluss von Captopril auf die Lebenserwartung bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz. Herz 12 (Suppl. 1): 38, 1987

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DC, Johnson RA, Bingham JB, Leahy M, Dinsmore RE, et al. Heart failure in outpatients: a randomized trial on digoxin versus placebo. New England Journal of Medicine 306: 699–705, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Likoff MJ, Chandler SL, Kay HR. Clinical determinants of mortality in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology 59: 634–638, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longabaugh JP, Vatner DE, Vatner SF, Homey CJ. Decreased stimulatory guanosine triphosphate binding protein in dogs with pressure overload left ventricular failure. Journal of Clinical Investigation 81: 420–424, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luu M, Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW, Baron K, Waiden J. Diverse mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure. Circulation 80: 1675–1680, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marantz PR, Alderman MH, Tobin JN. Diagnostic heterogeneity in clinical trials for congestive heart failure. Annals of Internal Medicine 109: 55–61, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massie B, Bourassa M, DiBianco R, Hess M, Konstam M, et al. Long-term oral administration of amrinone for congestive heart failure: lack of efficacy in a multicenter controlled trial. Circulation 71: 963–971, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massie BM, Conway M. Survival of patients with congestive heart failure: past, present and future prospects. Circulation 75: IV–11–19, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • McKee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, Kannel WB. The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine 285: 1441–1446, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller JE, Turi ZG, Stone PH, Rude RE, Raabe DS, et al. Digoxin therapy and mortality after myocardial infarction: experience in the MILIS study. New England Journal of Medicine 314: 265–271, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulrow CD, Feussner JR, Velez R. Reevaluation of digitalis efficacy: new light on an old leaf. Annals of Internal Medicine 101: 113–117, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opie LH. Inodilators. Lancet 1: 1336–1339, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Packer M. Prolonging life in patients with congestive heart failure: the next frontier. Circulation 75: IV–1–3, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Packer M, Leier CV. Survival in congestive heart failure during treatment with drugs with positive inotropic actions. Circulation 75: IV–55–63, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Packer M, Medina N, Yushak M. Relation between serum sodium concentration and the hemodynamic and clinical responses to converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in severe heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 3: 1035–1043, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parmley WW. An overview of integration of therapy for congestive heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 14 (Suppl. 5): S73–S77, 1989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poole-Wilson PA. Future perspectives in the management of congestive heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology 66: 462–467, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rector TS, Olivari MT, Levine TB, Francis GS, Cohn JN. Predicting survival for an individual with congestive heart failure using the plasma norepinephrine concentration. American Heart Journal 114: 148–152, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riegger GAJ, Kochsiek K. Vasopressin, renin and norepinephrine levels before and after captopril administration in patients with congestive heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology 58: 300–303, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roden DM. Magnesium treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. American Journal of Cardiology 63: 43G-46G, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolandi E, Sabino F, Cantoni V, Ghirardi P, Marchetti GV, et al. Long-term therapy of chronic congestive heart failure with ibopamine: a multicenter trial. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 14 (Suppl. 8): 93–103, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Rüegg JC, Morano I. Calcium-sensitivity modulation of cardiac myofibrillar proteins. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 14 (Suppl. 3): S11–S14, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan TJ, Bailey KR, McCabe CH, Luk S, Fisher LD, et al. The effects of digitalis on survival in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease: the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Circulation 67: 735–742, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz W, von der Leyen H, Meyer W, Neumann J, Scholz H. Phosphodiesterase inhibition and positive inotropic effects. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 14: S11–S14, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwinger RHG, Böhm M, Erdmann E. Therapie der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz mit β-Rezeptorenblockern? Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 115: 825–831, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe DN, Murphy J, Coxon R, Hannan SF. Enalapril in patients with chronic heart failure: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. Circulation 70: 271–278, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith TW, Butler VP, Haber E, Fozzard H, Marcus FI, et al. Treatment of life threatening digitalis intoxication with digoxin-specific Fab fragments: experience in 26 cases. New England Journal of Medicine 307: 1357–1362, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith TW, Haber E. Digoxin intoxication: the relationship of clinical presentation to serum digoxin concentration. Journal of Clinical Investigation 49: 2377–2386, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith WM. Epidemiology of congestive heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology 55: 3A-8A, 1985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 325: 293–302, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiles GL. Adrenergic receptor responsiveness and congestive heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology 67: 13C-17C, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swedberg K, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F, Wallentin I. Prolongation of survival in congestive cardiomyopathy by beta-receptor blockade. Lancet 1: 1374–1376, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart AJ, Johnston GD, McDevitt DG. Digoxin withdrawal after cardiac failure in patients with sinus rhythm. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 5: 229–234, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tischler MD, Smith TW. Digitalis: its current place in the treatment of heart failure. Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease 59: 67–72, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Uretsky BF, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Dec GW, Leier CV, et al. Multicenter trial of oral enoximone in patients with moderate to moderately severe congestive heart failure: lack of benefit compared with placebo. Circulation 82: 774–780, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vigholt-Sorensen E, Faergeman O. Ischaemic left ventricular failure: evidence of sustained benefit after 18 months’ treatment with xamoterol. British Heart Journal 64: 186–189, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waagstein F, Hjalmarson A, Varnauskas E, Wallentin I. Effect of chronic beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in congestive cardiomyopathy. British Journal 37: 1022–1036, 1975

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams JF. Evolving concepts in congestive heart failure: Part 1. Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease 59: 43–48, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams JF. Evolving concepts in congestive heart failure: Part 2. Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Diseases 59: 49–53, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group. Xamoterol in severe heart failure. Lancet 336: 1–6, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P. Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarctions: an overview of the randomized trials. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease 27: 335–371, 1985

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, Wittes J, Bailey K, Furberg C. Digitalis — a new controversy regarding an old drug: the pitfalls of inappropriate methods. Circulation 73: 14–18, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ravens, U., Wehr, M. Treatment of Mild Congestive Heart Failure. Drug-Safety 6, 393–401 (1991). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199106060-00001

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199106060-00001

Keywords

Navigation