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Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device for Quantification of Lead Using Reaction Band-length for Identification of Bullet Hole and Its Potential for Estimating Firing Distance

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Abstract

A low-cost and user-friendly microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was developed for identification of bullet hole from gunshot residue (GSR) on cotton fabric target. The device (25 × 82 mm) is made of filter paper with a printed pattern consisting of a circular sample loading reservoir (6 mm i.d.), a circular waste reservoir (4 mm i.d.) and a straight flow channel (3 mm wide and 60 mm long). A sticker with a ruler scale in millimeters was mounted alongside the channel. The straight channel is first impregnated with rhodizonate and dried at ambient temperature. Tartrate extract of the target fabric is loaded on the sample reservoir. If Pb(II) ions are present in the extract, pink streak of Pb(II)- rhodizonate precipitate is formed as the sample solution flows from the reservoir along the channel. The length of the pink strip is employed to estimate the firing distance.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support from grant IRN59W0007 of the Thailand Research Fund (chaired by Prof. Skorn Mongkolsuk). The equipment was partially supported by the Office of Higher Education Commission and Mahidol University under the National Research Universities Initiative, chaired by Prof. Manat Pohmakotr and by Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education. The authors acknowledge the Office of Police Forensic Science, Bangkok, Thailand for providing the shooting site.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Thailand

    Supatana Buking, Phoonthawee Saetear, Warawut Tiyapongpattana, Kanchana Uraisin, Duangjai Nacapricha & Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong

  2. Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Supatana Buking, Phoonthawee Saetear, Kanchana Uraisin & Duangjai Nacapricha

  3. Department of Chemistry’, Faculty! of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand

    Warawut Tiyapongpattana

  4. National Doping Centre of Thailand, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Prapin Wilairat

  5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand

    Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong

Authors
  1. Supatana Buking
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  2. Phoonthawee Saetear
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  3. Warawut Tiyapongpattana
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  4. Kanchana Uraisin
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  5. Prapin Wilairat
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  6. Duangjai Nacapricha
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  7. Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Duangjai Nacapricha or Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong.

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Buking, S., Saetear, P., Tiyapongpattana, W. et al. Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device for Quantification of Lead Using Reaction Band-length for Identification of Bullet Hole and Its Potential for Estimating Firing Distance. ANAL. SCI. 34, 83–89 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.34.83

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.34.83

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