Abstract
Capillary electrophoretic separation coupled with end-column amperometric detection for the simultaneous quantification of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and propyl gallate (PG) in food was developed. Important factors affecting separation and detection, such as the running buffer, separation voltage, and detection potential, were investigated in detail. An improved working electrode preparation method was used, where a carbon disk of 33 μm in diameter was sealed in a tip and positioned opposite the outlet of a capillary. The experiments indicated that the preparation method was simple, and the obtained electrode exhibited good flexibility and stability for the determination of phenolic antioxidants. The separation was carried out within 5 min using a 50 cm length capillary, with a solution containing 5 mM phosphate and 5 mM borax of pH 8.84 as a separation buffer, and a separation potential of 20 kV. Amperometric detection was achieved with an applied potential of 0.70 V versus Ag |AgCl |saturated KCl. There was excellent linearity between the peak current and the concentrations of the analytes in the range of 1.8-180.2 μg/mL for BHA and 10.6 - 212.2 μg/mL for PG, respectively. Relative standard deviations of 4.92% for BHA and 5.27% for PG were obtained, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of antioxidants in several commercial foods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. G. Diaz, A. G. Cabanillas, M. F. A. Franco, F. Salinas, and J.-C. Viré, Electroanalysis, 1998, 10, 497.
Y. Ni and C. Liu, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999, 396, 221.
V. García-Cañas, R. González, and A. Cifuentes, Trends Anal. Chem., 2004, 23, 637.
P. Yáñez-Sedeño, J. M. Pingarrón, and L. M. P. Díez, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1991, 252, 153.
K. Robards and S. Dilli, Analyst, 1987, 112, 933.
C. Grosset, D. Cantin, A. Villet, and J. Alary, Talanta, 1990, 37, 301.
M. P. Aguilar-Caballos, A. Gómez-Hens, and D. Pérez-Bendito, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 354, 173.
M. P. Aguilar-Caballos, A. Gómez-Hens, and D. Pérez-Bendito, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 312.
L. F. Capitán-Vallvey, M. C. Valencia, and E. A. Nicolás, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2004, 503, 179.
S. C. Beale, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70, 279.
J. Hernández-Borges, G. González-Hernández, T. Borges-Miquel, and M. A. Rodríguez-Delgado, Food Chem., 2005, 91, 105.
M. Bonoli, M. Montanucci, T. G. Toschi, and G. Lercker, J. Chromatogr., A, 2003, 1011, 163.
Y. Ding, M. F. Mora, and C. D. Garcia, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2006, 561, 126.
M. D. Morales, M. C. González, A. J. Reviejo, and J. M. Pingarrón, Microchem. J., 2005, 80, 71.
K. Robards, J. Chromatogr., A, 2003, 1000, 657.
X. Zhou, C. Zheng, J. Sun, and T. You, J. Chromatogr., A, 2006, 1109, 152.
Z. Tang, Y. Zhoua, Y. Zenga, S. Zangc, P. Hea, and Y. Fang, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2006, 40, 484.
X. Xu, L. Yu, and G. Chen, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2006, 41, 493.
G. Chena, L. Zhang, and Y. Zhu, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2006, 41, 129.
Y. Y. Peng and J. N. Ye, Fitoterapia, 2006, 77, 171.
W. Wang, S. Han, and W. Jin, J. Chromatogr., B, 2006, 831, 57.
Q. Weng, G. Xu, K. Yuan, and P. Tang, J. Chromatogr., B, 2006, 835, 55.
T. Xie, Q. Liu, Y. Shi, and Q. Liu, J. Chromatogr., A, 2006, 1109, 317.
Q. Chu, M. Lin, X. Tian, and J. Ye, J. Chromatogr., A, 2006, 1116, 286.
X. Sun, J. Liu, W. Cao, X. Yang, E. Wang, and Y. S. Fung, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002, 470, 137.
Y. Tang and M. Wu, Talanta, 2005, 65, 794.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xiang, Q., Gao, Y., Xu, Y. et al. Capillary Electrophoresis-Amperometric Determination of Antioxidant Propyl Gallate and Butylated Hydroxyanisole in Foods. ANAL. SCI. 23, 713–717 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.23.713
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.23.713