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Nondestructive Evaluations of Melanin-related Compounds in the Skin Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Permeability Measurements

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Abstract

Melanin-related compounds in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), seborrheic keratosis (SK), malignant melanoma (MM), and nevus pigmentosus (NP) were nondestructively investigated using permeability measurements (light penetration into pigmented lesion), X-band (9.4 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and EPR imaging (EPRI). The paramagnetic species in BCC, SK, MM, and NP specimens were analyzed using intensity, linewidth, spectral pattern, and X-band EPRI. The EPR spectra of BCC, SK, and NP showed a single line pattern. The EPR signal intensities of the BCC, SK, and NP samples corresponded to the permeability values that are directly related to pigment color tone, except for MM. The correlation coefficient between EPR and permeability was supported by the high degree of linear relation in the range. We further analyzed MM and speculated that MM contains an additional signal of the pheomelanin radical. In MM and NP samples, two-dimensional (2D) EPRI revealed paramagnetic species distribution and different magnitudes. The paramagnetic (radical) species are directly related to the pigmented lesion site. To conclude, spectroscopic analyses suggest that pheomelanin-related compounds may exist in malignant melanoma.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Toru Osanai (Graduate School of Health Sciences at Hirosaki University) for his help with permeability measurements. Part of this research was supported by KAKENHI Grant number 18K19890 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (K. N.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan

    Kouichi Nakagawa

  2. Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan

    Satoko Minakawa & Daisuke Sawamura

Authors
  1. Kouichi Nakagawa
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  2. Satoko Minakawa
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  3. Daisuke Sawamura
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Correspondence to Kouichi Nakagawa.

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Nakagawa, K., Minakawa, S. & Sawamura, D. Nondestructive Evaluations of Melanin-related Compounds in the Skin Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Permeability Measurements. ANAL. SCI. 36, 865–869 (2020). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20P001

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20P001

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