Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Determination of Phosphate with Applications of Chromaticity Coordinates and Color Temperature

  • Published:
Analytical Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of phosphate in the ng ml–1 concentration range. The method utilizes the quantitative extraction of the Molybdenum Blue species of phosphate by polyurethane foam (PUF) discs prior to a diffuse reflectance spectrometric (DRS) measurement of the colored foam. A preconcentration factor of 150 has been achieved for a 100 ml sample volume. The effect of the pH of the solution on the rate of color development of the phosphomolybdenum blue has been carefully examined. A calibration graph has been established based on the Kubelka–Munk function (F(R)695), which was found to favorably correlate with the phosphate concentration. The lower detection limit (3σ) was found to be 5 ng ml–1, with a working analytical range of 5–70 ng ml–1. At the same time, the chromaticity coordinates y (CIE 1931) and v′ of the CIELUV (1976) were found to show good correlation with the concentration of phosphate in water. On the other hand, the calculated color temperature has been found to excellently correlate with the phosphate concentration. The different experimental parameters were thoroughly investigated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Okurnura, L. Tong, K. Fujinaga, and Y. Seike, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 2001, 370, 104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. H. J. Heckmann, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000, 410, 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. R. S. Stauffer, Anal. Chem., 1983, 55, 1205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Murphy and J. P. Riley, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1962, 27, 31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. T. R. Crompton, “The Analysis of Natural Waters, Complex Formation Preconcentration Techniques”, 1993, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 96.

    Google Scholar 

  6. K. Matsuhisa and K. Ohzki, Analyst, 1986, 111, 685.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Yoshimura, M. Ishii, and T. Tarutani, Anal. Chem., 1986, 58, 591.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Braun, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 1989, 333, 785.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Rzeszutek and A. Chow, Talanta, 1998, 47, 697.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. W. E. Rudzinski, J. Yin, S. H. Norman, and D. A. Glaska, Analyst, 1998, 123, 2071.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D. S. De Jesus, M. S. De Carvalho, A. C. S. Costa, and L. C. Ferreira, Talanta, 1998, 46, 1525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Toker, M. Eral, and U. Hicsonmez, Analyst, 1998, 123, 51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. M. Hasany, M. M. Sdeed, and M. Ahmed, Talanta, 2001, 54, 89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. M. N. Abbas and G. A. Mostafa, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000, 410, 185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. P. Arena, M. D. Porter, and J. S. Fritz, Anal. Chem., 2002, 74, 185.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. N. I. Ershova and V. M. Ivanov, Anal Chim. Acta, 2000, 408, 145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. N. I. Ershova and V. M. Ivanov, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 2001, 371, 556.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. S. G. Dmitrienko, O. A. Sviridova, L. N. Pyatkova, L. A. Zhukova, and Y. A. Zolotov, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000, 405, 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Berger-Schunn, “Practical Color Measurement: A Primer for the Beginner, A Reminder for the Expert”, 1998, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. Kortum, “Refelectance Spectroscopy Princibles, Methods, Applicationsa”, 1969, Springer Verlag, New York, 106.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. R. M. Boynton, “Human Color Vision”, 1992, Optical Soc. of America.

    Google Scholar 

  22. N. I. Ershova and V. M. Ivanov, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 364, 235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, “Color Science; Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae”, 2nd ed., 1982, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. S. Khan and A. Chow, Talanta, 1983, 30, 173.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. A. S. Khan and A. Chow, Talanta, 1985, 32, 241.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. A. S Khan and A. Chow, Talanta, 1984, 31, 304.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. T. Braun, M. N. Abbas, A. Elek, and L. Bakos, J. Radioanal. Chem., 1981, 67, 359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. N. Abbas, A. Vertes, and T. Braun, Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett, 1982, 54, 17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R. W. G. Hunt, “Measuring Color”, 2nd ed., 1991, Ellis Horwood, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  30. F. Bunting, “The Color Shop, Color Primer, An Introduction to the History of Color, Color Theory, and Color Measurement”, 1998, Light Source Computer Images Inc., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. R. Robertson, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1968, 58, 1528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. J. Z. Zhang, C. J. Fischer, and P. B. Ortner, Talanta, 1999, 49, 293.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Matsubara, Y. Yamamoto, and K. Takamura, Analyst, 1987, 112, 1257.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. F. Koroleff, K. Grasshoff, M. Ehrhardt, and K. Kremling, “Methods of Seawater Analysis”, 2nd ed., 1983, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, 125.

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. Basset and R. C. Denney, G. H. Jeffery, and J. Mendham, “VogeVs Textbook of Quantitative Analysis, including Elementary Instrumental Analysis”, 4th ed., 1978, Longman, London, 374.

    Google Scholar 

  36. E. B. Sandell and H. Onishi, “Photometric Determination of Traces of Metals, General Aspects”, 1978, John Wiely & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  37. P. Linares, M. D. L. De Castro, and M. Valcarcel, Anal. Chem., 1986, 58, 120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. K. L. Linge and C. E. Oldham, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2001, 450, 247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Tanaka, K. Hiiro, and A. Kawahara, Bunski Kagaku, 1979, 28, 43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. M. Bosque-Sendra, C. Merida, and L. F. Capitan-Vallvey, Analusis, 1990, 18, 531.

    Google Scholar 

  41. S. Motomizu, T. Wakimoto, and K. Tôei, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1982, 138, 329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microanal. Lab., App. Org. Chem. Dept. National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed Nooreldeen Abbas

Authors
  1. Mohamed Nooreldeen Abbas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Nooreldeen Abbas.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Abbas, M.N. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Determination of Phosphate with Applications of Chromaticity Coordinates and Color Temperature. ANAL. SCI. 19, 1303–1308 (2003). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.19.1303

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.19.1303

Search

Navigation