Abstract
The liquid/liquid extraction of an Al3+-DHAB chelate (DHAB = 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzen) from water to 1-buthanol (BuOH) in a polymer-based microchannel chip was studied by spatially-resolved fluorescence microspectroscopy. A microchannel (depth, 10 ❑m; width, 200 ❑m) was fabricated on a styrol-plastic substrate by an imprinting method. A template for imprinting was prepared by photolithography, in which a spatial pattern printed on a transparency film by a standard drawing software package was used as a photomask. When two immiscible fluids were brought together into the channel chip by pressure-driven flow at the same velocity, a stable parallel stream was observed for each phase without mutual mixing. The extraction of Al-DHAB from water to BuOH was then studied as a fluorescence-intensity profile of the complex in the BuOH phase along the flow direction as well as along the channel-width direction. It was confirmed that extraction proceeded with solution flow and was governed by the contact time between the two phases. The results were explained by a one-dimensional mass-transfer model along the channel-width direction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Fleishmann, S. Pons, D. R. Rolison, and P. P. Scmidt (ed.), “Ultramicroelectrodes”, 1987, Datatech Systems, North Carolina.
A. J. Bard (ed.), “Electroanalytical Chemistry”, 1988, Vol. 15, Marcel Dekker, New York.
H. Masuhara, F. C. De Schryver, N. Kitamura, and N. Tamai (ed.), “Microchemistry-Spectroscopy and Chemistry in Small Domains”, 1994, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
A. Manz and H. Becker (ed.), “Microsystem Technology in Chemistry and Life Sciences”, 1999, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
D. J. Harrison and A. Van Den Berg (ed.), “Micro Total Analysis Systems’ 98”, 1998, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
A. Kumar, H. Biebuyck, and G. M. Whitesides, Langmuir, 1994, 10, 1498.
Y. Xia, J. Tien, D. Qin, and G. M. Whitesides, Langmuir, 1996, 12, 4033.
R. M. McCormick, R. J. Nelson, M. G. Alonso-Amigo, D. J. Benvegnu, and H. H. Hopper, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 2626.
E. Kim, Y. Xia, and G. M. Whitesides, Nature, 1995, 376, 581.
C. S. Effenhauser, G. J. M. Bruin, A. Paulus, and M. Ehrat, Analytical Methods Instrum., Special Issue µTAS’96, 1996, 124.
L. Martynova, L. E. Locascio, M. Gaitan, G. W. Kramer, R. G. Christensen, and W. A. MacCrehan, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 4783.
J. Shaw, B. Miller, C. Turner, M. Harper, and S. Graham, Analytical Methods Instrum., Special Issue µTAS’96, 1996, 185.
J. P. Brody, P. Yager, R. E. Goldstein, and R. H. Austin, Biophys. J., 1996, 71, 3430.
K. Watanabe, H. Yoshizawa, and K. Kawagaki, Bunseki Kagaku, 1981, 30, 640.
N. Kitamura, K. Nakatani, and H.-B. Kim, Pure Appl. Chem., 1995, 67, 79.
H.-B. Kim, S. Habuchi, M. Hayashi, and N. Kitamura, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70, 105.
N. Kitamura, H.-B. Kim, S. Habuchi, and M. Chiba, Tr. Anal. Chem., 1999, 18, 675.
H.-B. Kim, S. Habuchi, and N. Kitamura, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 842.
T. E. Faber, “Fluid Dynamics for Physicists”, 1995, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
P. J. A. Kenis, R. F. Ismagilov, and G. M. Whitesides, Science, 1999, 285, 83.
B. H. Weigl and P. Yager, Science, 1999, 283, 346.
B. H. Weigl and P. Yager, Sensors Actuators B, 1997, 38, 452.
J. P. Brody and P. Yager, Sensors Actuators A, 1997, 58, 13.
J. P. Brody, T. D. Osborn, F. K. Forster, and P. Yager, Sensors Actuators A, 1996, 54, 704.
G. Blankenstein, L. Scampavia, J. Branebjerg, U. D. Larsen, and J. Ruzicka, Analytical Methods Instrum., Special Issue µTAS’96, 1996, 82.
H.-B. Kim, K. Ueno, N. Kitamura, and H. Misawa, in preparation.
E. L. Cussler, “Diffusion-Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems”, 2nd ed., 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
J. H. Ferziger and M. Peric, “Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics”, 1996, Springer-Verlag, New York.
H.-B. Kim, O. Kogi, and N. Kitamura, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 4338.
For the calculation, the following values were used. The radius of Al-DHAB was estimated to be 3.6 Å on the basis of a MOPAC calculation. The viscosity of water or BuOH was 1.0 or 2.85 cP, respectively (J. A. Riddick and W. B. Bunger, “Organic Solvents”, 3rd ed., 1970, Wiley-Interscience, New York).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, HB., Ueno, K., Chiba, M. et al. Spatially-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study on Liquid/Liquid Extraction Processes in Polymer Microchannels. ANAL. SCI. 16, 871–876 (2000). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.16.871
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.16.871