Résumé
Objectifs
Nous étudions les politiques publiques formulées pour la prévention des morsures canines, et cherchons à promouvoir les approches « une seule santé ».
Méthodologie
Notre travail repose sur une étude de cas, sur laquelle nous avons posé un regard ethnographique en analysant des données qualitatives : observations de terrain, documentation institutionnelle, couverture médiatique, et entretiens avec des parties-prenantes à Montréal (Québec).
Résultats
Suite à un décès lié à une morsure de chien, la Ville de Montréal a décidé de l’interdiction de certains chiens sur la base de leur « race ». Les débats voient cependant émerger le « modèle de Calgary » comme une alternative aux législations visant des races canines particulières. Ces discussions mènent à un changement de politique publique à Montréal et plus largement au Québec. En outre, nous portons également notre attention sur les améliorations en matière de coordination intersectorielle que nous constatons entre les acteurs responsables de la mise en œuvre de cette politique.
Conclusion
Le concept de « circulation des politiques publiques » permet d’éclairer les politiques de prévention des morsures canines à Montréal, en montrant notamment par quels mécanismes certaines propositions controversées polarisent l’attention publique, au détriment des discussions portant sur la mise en œuvre des politiques municipales.
Abstract
Objectives
We examine the public policies that have been formulated to reduce the incidence of dog bites. We do so to encourage the adoption of policies aligned with One Health promotion.
Methods
This case-study research involved an ethnographic approach. Our qualitative analysis derived from participant observation, policy documents, media coverage, and interviews with stakeholders in Montreal (Quebec).
Results
Following on from a human fatality due to dog bite injuries, the City of Montreal decided to ban certain types of dogs based on their ‘breed.’ In the ensuing discussions, the ‘Calgary model’ emerged as an alternative to breed-specific legislation. These discussions led to a change in policy direction for Montreal, and for Quebec as a whole. Furthermore, we discerned marked improvements with respect to intersectoral coordination in the wake of this controversy.
Conclusion
‘Policy mobilities’ offer a useful conceptual apparatus for understanding how public policies for dog bite prevention are polarized around controversial proposals, to the detriment of discussions that focus on policy implementation.
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Notes
Entretien avec une employée occupant un poste de direction à la SPCA de Montréal, été 2019.
Entretien avec une employée occupant un poste de direction à la SPCA de Montréal, été 2019.
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Remerciements
Cette recherche a été soutenue par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines (bourse #430-2016-00078) et par les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (bourse #MOP-130569). Les contributions de Morgan Mouton ont également été soutenues par des bourses postdoctorales de l’Université de Calgary (O’Brien Institute for Public Health et Cumming School of Medicine). Une première version de ce travail a été présentée par Melanie Rock lors du colloque annuel en santé publique vétérinaire le 22 août 2019. Les deux auteurs tiennent enfin à remercier les participant-e-s qui ont accepté de partager leur point de vue, ainsi que Dres Valli Fraser-Celin et Taryn Graham, qui ont enrichi ce manuscrit en partageant leurs expériences montréalaises.
Contributions des auteurs
Les deux auteurs ont collaboré à la conception et au plan de l’étude. La préparation de la matière et la collecte et l’analyse des données ont principalement été effectuées par Morgan Mouton. La première version du manuscrit a été rédigée par Morgan Mouton, et Melanie Rock a commenté les versions du manuscrit. Les deux auteurs en ont lu et approuvé la version définitive.
Divulgation de conflits d’intérêt potentiels
Melanie Rock a mené des projets de recherche en lien avec la Ville de Calgary, la Calgary Humane Society for the Prevention of Cruelty Towards Animals, et d’autres organisations semblables pendant plus d’une décennie.
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Mouton, M., Rock, M.J. Débats autour des races canines et de la santé publique à Montréal et au Québec (2016–2019). Can J Public Health 113, 165–173 (2022). https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00550-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00550-3
Mots-clés
- Une seule santé
- politique publique
- promotion de la santé
- chiens
- morsures et piqûres
- recherche qualitative