Skip to main content

Building Roads Together: a peer-led, community-based walking and rolling peer support program for inclusion and mental health

Abstract

Setting

The program founder selected Regent Park for Building Roads Together© pilot program implementation because it is one of 31 neighbourhoods identified by the City of Toronto as a Neighbourhood Improvement Area based on a low Neighbourhood Equity Benchmark score indicating that it faces serious inequities requiring immediate action. In addition, Regent Park has a higher than average proportion of residents who are recent immigrants, and is Canada’s first social housing development undergoing a 25-year process of transformation to a mixed-income community. Community partners confirmed that Building Roads Together responded to community needs and complemented existing programs and supports.

Intervention

Building Roads Together is an award-winning community-based peer support walking and rolling program designed to promote inclusion and reduce health inequities. Strong bodies of evidence demonstrate that peer support, walking, and exposure to green space, each on their own or in combination, reduce social isolation and improve health and mental health. The program founder designed Building Roads Together based on this research evidence; a needs assessment including interviews, focus groups, and meetings; and her lived experience.

Outcomes

The needs assessment informed program design, including name, goals, approach, and curriculum. Building Roads Together includes the following phases: (1) Community engagement; (2) Partnership development; (3) Neighbourhood-based Walk the Talk Advisory Groups; (4) Peer Walking/Rolling Group Leadership Training; (5) Mentoring/Support; (6) Peer Walking/Rolling Groups. The training curriculum combines peer leadership, inclusion, and communication skills; practical skills required to create and manage a walking group; and information about urban green space.

Implications

In partnership with the Centre for Learning & Development Toronto and the Regent Park Community Health Centre, the program founder trained 42 peer walking group leaders and mentored multiple walking groups.

Résumé

Lieu

Le fondateur du programme a choisi Regent Park pour la mise en œuvre du programme pilote Building Roads Together© car il s’agit de l’un des 31 quartiers identifiés par la ville de Toronto comme une zone d’amélioration du quartier sur la base d’un faible score de référence pour l’équité du quartier indiquant qu’il fait face à de graves iniquités nécessitant action immédiate. En plus, Regent Park a une proportion supérieure à la moyenne de résidents qui sont des immigrants récents, et est le premier ensemble de logements sociaux au Canada à subir un processus de transformation de 25 ans en une communauté à revenu mixte. Les partenaires communautaires ont confirmé que Building Roads Together répondait aux besoins de la communauté et complétait les programmes et soutiens existants.

Intervention

Building Roads Together est un programme communautaire de marche et de roulement de soutien par les pairs conçu pour promouvoir l’inclusion et réduire les inégalités en matière de santé. Des preuves solides démontrent que le soutien par les pairs, la marche, et l’exposition à l’espace vert, individuellement ou en combinaison, réduisent l’isolement social et améliorent la santé et la santé mentale. La fondatrice du programme a conçu Building Roads Together sur la base de ces données de recherche; d’une évaluation des besoins, notamment des entretiens, des groupes de discussion et des réunions; et de son expérience vécue.

Résultats

L’évaluation des besoins a informé la conception du programme, y compris le nom, les objectifs, l’approche et le curriculum. Building Roads Together comprend les phases suivantes : 1) Engagement communautaire; 2) Développement de partenariats; 3) Groupes consultatifs Walk the Talk, basés dans le quartier; 4) Formation en leadership de groupe de marche / roulement par les pairs; 5) Mentorat / soutien; 6) Groupes de marche / roulement entre pairs. Le programme de formation combine des compétences de leadership, d’inclusion, et de communication entre pairs; des compétences pratiques requises pour créer et gérer un groupe de marche; et des informations sur les espaces verts urbains.

Implications

En partenariat avec le Centre for Learning & Development Toronto et le Regent Park Community Health Centre, le fondateur du programme a formé 42 chefs de groupe de marche par les pairs et encadré plusieurs groupes de marche.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Notes

  1. The Neighbourhood Equity Score is a “single number designed to capture the total weight of unnecessary, unfair, and unjust differences faced by neighbourhood residents in five key areas: economic opportunities, social development, healthy lives, participation and decision-making and physical surroundings” (City of Toronto 2014)

References

  • Abraham, A., Sommerhalder, K., & Abel, T. (2010). Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments. International Journal of Public Health, 55(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0069-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beales, A., & Wilson, J. (2015). Peer support – the what, why, who, how and now. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 10(5), 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMHTEP-03-2015-0013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beiser, M., Simich, L., Pandalangat, N., Nowakoski, M., & Tian, F. (2011). Stresses of passage, balms of resettlement, and posttraumatic stress. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(6), 333–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brail, S., & Kumar, N.. 2017. Community leadership and engagement after the mix: the transformation of Toronto’s Regent Park. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016683122.

  • Centre for Urban Health Solutions. (2014). Toronto social housing and health study. Toronto.

  • City of Toronto. (2014). Neighbourhood Improvement Areas: Regent Park.

  • del Castillo, D., Olga, A., Sarmiento, L., Reis, R. S., & Brownson, R. C. (2011). Translating evidence to policy: urban interventions and physical activity promotion in Bogotá, Colombia and Curitiba, Brazil. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 1(2), 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-011-0038-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • del Castillo, D., Silvia, A., González, A., Ríos, A. P., Páez, D. C., Torres, A., Díaz, M. P., Pratt, M., & Sarmiento, O. L. (2017). Start small, dream big: experiences of physical activity in public spaces in Colombia. Preventive Medicine, 103, S41–S50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Ruggiero, E., & Edwards, N. (2018). The interplay between participatory health research and implementation research: Canadian research funding perspectives. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1519402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doughty, K. (2013). Walking together: the embodied and mobile production of a therapeutic landscape. Health & Place, 24, 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.08.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flicker, S., Mawani, F. N., & DellaVilla, M. (2019). Reflections on teaching, learning and doing participatory research in a graduate seminar. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 13(3), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.12.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forde, S. D., Lee, D. S., Mills, C., & Frisby, W. (2015). Moving towards social inclusion: manager and staff perspectives on an award winning community sport and recreation program for immigrants. Sport Management Review, 18(1), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.02.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, S. (2014). Renovation and redevelopment of public housing to create bases for aging in place: the historical and current role of public housing in Japan. In Proceedings of the 16th International Planning History Society , University of Florida and Flagler College, edited by Christopher Silver and Dan Zhu, 1:420–34.

  • Gatrell, A. C. (2013). Therapeutic mobilities: walking and ‘steps’ to wellbeing and health. Health & Place, 22, 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.04.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guta, A., Flicker, S., & Roche, B. (2013). Governing through community allegiance: a qualitative examination of peer research in community-based participatory research. Critical Public Health, 23(4), 432–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2012.761675.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, S., & Jones, A. (2014). Is there evidence that walking groups have health benefits? A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(11), 710–715. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094.157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooker, S. P., Cirill, L., & Wicks, L. (2007). Walkable neighborhoods for seniors: the Alameda County experience. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 26(2), 157–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464807299997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jean-Baptiste, A., Executive Director, CL&D. (2017). Personal communication.

  • Kassavou, A., Turner, A., & French, D. P. (2013). Do interventions to promote walking in groups increase physical activity? A meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity., 10(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton-Smith, S. (2013). Peer support in mental health: where are we today?, The Journal of Mental Health Training. Education and Practice, 8(3), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMHTEP-03-2013-0009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mawani, F. N. (2001). Sharing attachment practices across cultures: learning from immigrants and refugees.

  • Mawani, F. N. (2014). Social determinants of refugee mental health. In L. Simich & L. Andermann (Eds.), Refuge and resilience (pp. 27–50). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mawani, F. N. (2018). Conceptualization, measurement, and association of underemployment to mental health inequities between immigrant and Canadian-born labour force participants. University of Toronto.

  • Minkler, M., & Corage Baden, A. (2008). Impacts of CBPR on academic researchers, research quality and methodology, and power relations. In M. Minkler & N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health: from process to outcomes (2nd ed., pp. 243–61). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R. (2013). Is physical activity in natural environments better for mental health than physical activity in other environments? Social Science & Medicine, 91, 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neta, G., Brownson, R. C., & Chambers, D. A. (2018). Opportunities for epidemiologists in implementation science: a primer. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(5), 899–910. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx323.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Campo, P., & Urquia, M. (2012). Aligning method with theory: a comparison of two approaches to modeling the social determinants of health. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(9), 1870–1878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0935-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hagan, M., Cyr, C., Mckee, H., and Priest, R. (2010). Making the case for peer support. Ottawa.

  • Patel, V. (2014). Why mental health matters to global health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 51(6), 777–789. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461514524473.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popay, J., Escorel, S., Hernández, M., Johnston, H., Mathieson, J., and Rispel, L. (2008). Social exclusion knowledge network final report: understanding and tackling social exclusion, no. February: 1–207. http://www.who.int/social_determinants/knowledge_networks/final_reports/sekn_finalreport_042008.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 11 Apr 2017.

  • Pretty, J., Peacock, J., Sellens, M., & Griffin, M. (2005). The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15(5), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603120500155963.

  • Rivera, B., Casal, B., & Currais, L. (2016). The healthy immigrant effect on mental health: determinants and implications for mental health policy in Spain. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 43(4), 616–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-015-0668-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, R., Robertson, A., Jepson, R., & Maxwell, M. (2012). Walking for depression or depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 5(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2012.03.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solar, O., & Irwin, A. (2010). A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social determinants of health discussion paper 2 (Policy and Practice). ISBN 978 92 4 150085 2.

  • Statistics Canada. (2017). Immigration and ethnocultural diversity: key results from the 2016 census. The Daily, 2017. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025b-eng.pdf. Accessed 7 Nov 2017.

  • Stewart, M., Anderson, J., Beiser, M., Mwakarimba, E., Neufeld, A., Simich, L., & Spitzer, D. (2008). Multicultural meanings of social support among immigrants and refugees. International Migration, 46(3), 123–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2008.00464.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, M., Simich, L., Shizha, E., Makumbe, K., & Makwarimba, E. (2012). Supporting African refugees in Canada: insights from a support intervention. Health & Social Care in the Community, 20(5), 516–527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2012.01069.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toronto Public Health. 2015. The unequal city: income and health inequities in Toronto. The Unequal City 2015.

  • van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, New York: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vézina, M., & Houle, R. (2017). Settlement patterns and social integration of the population with an immigrant background in the Montréal. Ottawa: Toronto and Vancouver metropolitan areas http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-657-x/89-657-x2016002-eng.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2017.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farah N. Mawani.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mawani, F.N., Ibrahim, S. Building Roads Together: a peer-led, community-based walking and rolling peer support program for inclusion and mental health. Can J Public Health 112, 142–151 (2021). https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00374-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00374-7

Keywords

  • Peer support
  • Mental health
  • Population health
  • Social determinants of health
  • Health equity
  • Immigrants
  • Implementation science

Mots-clés

  • Soutien par les pairs
  • santé mentale
  • santé de la population
  • déterminants sociaux de la santé
  • équité en santé
  • immigrants
  • science de la mise en œuvre