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The relationship between awareness and supplementation: Which Canadian women know about folic acid and how does that translate into use?

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although the benefit of folic acid (FA) to prevent neural tube defects (NTD) is well established, not all women take supplements in the periconceptional period. This study used data from the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Maternity Experiences Survey to evaluate determinants of awareness of FA among recently pregnant women in Canada, and the extent to which that translated into actual supplement usage.

METHODS: Telephone interviews took place between October 23, 2006 and January 31, 2007 with women who were 5 to 14 months postpartum to survey their experiences during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period. These analyses were conducted on women who responded to questions relating to FA supplementation. The 6,421 respondents were weighted to represent 76,508 women using weights which corresponded to the sampling strata, the mother’s first language and Aboriginal status.

RESULTS: Overall, 77.6% of surveyed women knew that taking FA periconceptionally could help protect against NTD. Women who were younger, single or separated reported less awareness and use of FA, while higher maternal age, level of education and income were positively associated with both knowledge and use. Despite longstanding national guidelines for supplementation, there were regional variations in knowledge and use of FA.

CONCLUSION: The data indicate clear socio-demographic differences among Canadian women with respect to their knowledge and use of FA. Although most women understood the benefits of FA supplementation, a little over a third of them did not take FA supplements prior to becoming pregnant, and less than half supplemented according to national guidelines. Identification of those subpopulations whose use of supplements is suboptimal may allow for targeted educational or other interventions to further encourage FA use.

Résumé

OBJECTIF: Les avantages de l’acide folique (AF) pour prévenir les anomalies du tube neural (ATN) sont bien démontrés, mais toutes les femmes ne prennent pas de suppléments nutritifs durant la période périconceptionnelle. Nous avons utilisé les données de l’Enquête sur les expériences de la maternité de l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada pour évaluer les déterminants de la connaissance de l’AF chez les femmes ayant été enceintes récemment au Canada, et la mesure dans laquelle cette connaissance se traduit par l’usage réel de suppléments.

MÉTHODE: Nous avons mené des entrevues téléphoniques entre le 23 octobre 2006 et le 31 janvier 2007 avec des femmes entre le 5e et le 14e mois post-partum afin de connaître leur expérience durant la grossesse, l’accouchement et la période post-partum. Ces analyses ont été menées pour les femmes ayant répondu aux questions sur la supplémentation en AF. Les 6 421 répondantes ont été pondérées pour représenter 76 508 femmes à l’aide de pondérations correspondant aux strates de l’échantillon, à la langue maternelle de la mère et au statut autochtone.

RÉSULTATS: Globalement, 77,6 % des femmes sondées savaient que la prise d’AF durant la période périconceptionnelle pouvait protéger contre les ATN. Les femmes plus jeunes, célibataires ou séparées ont déclaré moins connaître et moins utiliser l’AF, tandis que l’âge maternel, le niveau de scolarité et le revenu plus élevés étaient liés positivement à la connaissance et à l’utilisation de l’AF. Malgré les lignes directrices nationales de longue date sur la supplementation, il y avait des écarts régionaux dans la connaissance et l’utilisation de l’AF.

CONCLUSION: Nos données indiquent des différences sociodémographiques claires entre les Canadiennes en ce qui a trait à leur connaissance et à leur utilisation de l’AF. Bien que la plupart des femmes connaissent les avantages de la supplémentation en AF, un peu plus du tiers n’avaient pas pris de suppléments d’AF avant de tomber enceintes, et moins de la moitié en avaient pris en respectant les lignes directrices nationales. L’identification des sous-populations chez qui l’utilisation des suppléments est sous-optimale pourrait permettre de mener des interventions ciblées (éducatives ou autres) pour mieux encourager l’utilisation de l’AF.

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Correspondence to Chantal R. M. Nelson PhD.

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Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

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Nelson, C.R.M., Leon, J.A. & Evans, J. The relationship between awareness and supplementation: Which Canadian women know about folic acid and how does that translate into use?. Can J Public Health 105, e40–e46 (2014). https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.105.4155

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.105.4155

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