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Enfants et adolescents venus d’ailleurs: la violence vécue dans leur société d’accueil et les effets sur leur santé, une recension des écrits

  • Recension Des Écrits
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Résumé

OBJECTIF: Cette recension des écrits integrative vise à dresser un portrait global de la violence sociale vécue par les enfants et adolescents immigrants de première génération ainsi que ses effets sur leur santé et leur bien-être.

MÉTHODE: Une recherche bibliographique francophone et anglophone a été réalisée dans huit bases de données, sans restrictions de dates de publication. Trente études ont été retenues. Les résultats ont été synthétisés selon trois aspects: 1) formes de violences vécues par les jeunes immigrants; 2) conditions dans lesquelles cette violence survient; 3) effets de cette violence sur leur santé et leur bien-être.

RÉSULTATS: Les jeunes immigrants peuvent subir différentes formes de violence physique, verbale ou relationnelle. Elle semble être instiguée surtout par leurs pairs et a été principalement étudiée sous l’angle de la discrimination. La victimisation varierait en fonction de certains facteurs comme la composition ethnique des écoles ou le temps de résidence dans la société d’accueil. La violence serait associée à la fois à une plus grande Symptomatologie psychopathologique et à une santé mentale plus fragile. Enfin, elle serait reliée à une attitude plus négative des jeunes immigrants envers leur société d’accueil ainsi qu’une attitude plus positive envers leur propre communauté d’origine.

CONCLUSION: En plus d’avoir de nombreux effets indésirables sur leur santé et leur bien-être mental et social, la violence peut s’avérer être un facteur clé dans l’expérience de marginalisation des jeunes immigrants. Nous proposons quelques pistes de recherche à explorer.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This integrative literature review aims to present a comprehensive portrayal of social violence experienced by first-generation immigrant children and adolescents, and its effects on their health and well-being.

METHOD: A French and English languages literature search was conducted in eight databases, without restrictions on dates of publication. Thirty studies were selected. Results were summarized according to three aspects: 1) types of violence experienced by young immigrants; 2) conditions under which this violence occurs; 3) effects of such violence on the health and well-being of young immigrants.

SYNTHESIS: Immigrant children and adolescents can experience various forms of physical, verbal, and relational violence. This violence seems to be mostly instigated by their peers and it has mainly been studied in terms of discrimination. Victimization may vary depending on factors such as ethnic composition of schools or time of residence in the host society. Violence may have many effects on mental health of immigrant youth: it is associated with both increased psychopathological symptoms and poorer mental health. Finally, the experience of violence is related to a more negative attitude of young immigrants toward their host society and a more positive attitude toward their own cultural community.

CONCLUSION: In addition to its having numerous adverse effects on their mental and social health and well-being, violence may prove to be a key factor in the experience of marginalization of immigrant youth. We propose certain research avenues to explore.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada

    Claudia Fournier B.A. & Louise Hamelin Brabant Ph.D.

  2. École de service social, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

    Dominique Damant Ph.D.

  3. École de service social, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada

    Geneviève Lessard Ph.D.

  4. School of Social Work, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Simon Lapierre Ph.D.

  5. Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada

    Mélissa Dubé-Quenum M.Sc.

Authors
  1. Claudia Fournier B.A.
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  2. Louise Hamelin Brabant Ph.D.
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  3. Dominique Damant Ph.D.
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  4. Geneviève Lessard Ph.D.
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  5. Simon Lapierre Ph.D.
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  6. Mélissa Dubé-Quenum M.Sc.
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Correspondence to Claudia Fournier B.A..

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Source de fonds: Équipe de recherche financée par le Conseil de recherche en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH).

Conflit d’intérêts: Aucun à déclarer.

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Fournier, C., Brabant, L.H., Damant, D. et al. Enfants et adolescents venus d’ailleurs: la violence vécue dans leur société d’accueil et les effets sur leur santé, une recension des écrits. Can J Public Health 105, e28–e36 (2014). https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.105.3973

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.105.3973

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