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Planifier une grossesse chez une patiente avec un psoriasis

Planning a pregnancy in a patient with psoriasis

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European Journal of Dermatology Aims and scope

Résumé

Le psoriasis est une dermatose inflammatoire fréquente, qui démarre avant 40 ans dans les trois quarts des cas. La grossesse dans un couple où l’un des futurs parents est atteint de psoriasis est donc une situation fréquente, que le dermatologue peut être amené à rencontrer et qu’il doit anticiper. La contraception doit être systématiquement abordée avec les patientes atteintes de psoriasis en âge de procréer, car elle est obligatoire avec certains traitements (comme le méthotrexate ou l’acitrétine). L’information des femmes avec un projet de grossesse semble insuffisante. Les patientes se documentent beaucoup par Internet, avec le risque d’y recueillir des informations erronées. Les interrogations formulées par ces femmes concernent l’impact de la maladie sur le fœtus, le traitement des poussées pendant la grossesse, la transmission de la maladie et la sécurité des médicaments pendant la grossesse. Il a longtemps été admis que le psoriasis n’altérait pas la fertilité chez les hommes, mais deux études récentes ont montré une inflammation du tractus génital chez des hommes avec un psoriasis, sans preuve d’effet sur la fertilité. Concernant le choix du traitement du psoriasis chez l’homme avec un projet de paternité, le méthotrexate est à éviter dans les trois mois avant conception, même si les données sur les nombreuses grossesses survenues sous ce traitement sont rassurantes. Les autres traitements peuvent être poursuivis. Il ne semble pas que le psoriasis affecte la fertilité des femmes; les études sont en revanche divergentes concernant la fécondité, qui montre parfois une diminution qui serait multifactorielle. Le psoriasis est associé à de nombreuses comorbidités telles que le diabète, l’obésité, l’hypertension artérielle, le tabagisme et la dépression — lesquelles peuvent également avoir un effet sur la fertilité. L’atteinte génitale est fréquente lors du psoriasis, et altère significativement la vie sexuelle des patients. Cette localisation est importante à rechercher et à traiter. Chez les femmes avec un psoriasis, l’objectif pendant la grossesse sera de maintenir la dermatose stable avec un traitement compatible avec la vie embryonnaire et fœtale. Il faudra bien peser la balance bénéfice/risque et discuter avec la patiente. Chez une patiente ayant un projet de grossesse, les traitements à privilégier sont, selon la sévérité du psoriasis: les dermocorticoïdes, les ultraviolets B, la ciclosporine, les anti-facteur de nécrose tumorale a, notamment le certolizumab pégol et l’étanercept. Chez une patiente ayant un projet de grossesse et déjà traitée pour son psoriasis, il faudra considérer le délai recommandé entre l’arrêt du traitement et la conception.

Abstract

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease that starts before the age of 40 years in 3/4 cases. Pregnancy in a couple where one of the future parents has psoriasis is therefore a frequent situation that the dermatologist may encounter and must anticipate. Contraception should be systematically discussed with psoriatic patients of childbearing age, as it is mandatory with certain treatments (as methotrexate or acitretin). Information for psoriatic women planning to become pregnant seems insufficient. Patients get a lot of information on the internet, with the risk of getting wrong information. Women’s (questions concern the impact of the disease on the fetus, the treatment of flare-ups during pregnancy, the transmission of the disease and the safety of medication during pregnancy. There was a tendency to consider that psoriasis does not affect fertility in men, but two recent studies have shown inflammation of the genital tract in men with psoriasis, with no evidence ofan effect on fertility. Regarding the choice of treatment for psoriasis in men with a paternity project, methotrexate should be avoided in the 3 months prior to conception even though the data on many pregnancies occurring on methotrexate are reassuring. Other treatments can be continued. It does not seem that psoriasis affects women’s fertility, however, studies are divergent concerning fertility with sometimes a decrease in fertility which would be multifactorial. Psoriasis is associated with many co-morbidities such as diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, depression, and these co-morbidities can also affect fertility. Genital involvement is common in psoriasis and significantly alters the sexual life of patients. This location is important to investigate and treat. In women with psoriasis, the goal during pregnancy will be to keep the skin disease stable with treatment that is compatible with embryonic and fetal life. The risk-benefit balance should be carefully weighted and discussed with the patient. In a patient who is planning to become pregnant, the treatments to be favored will be according to the severity of the psoriasis: topical steroids, UVB, cyclosporine, anti TNFα, notably certolizumab pegol. In a patient who is planning to become pregnant and has already been treated for psoriasis, consideration should be given to the recommended delay between stopping treatment and conception.

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Correspondence to Émilie Brenaut.

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ÉB a été oratrice pour Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Celgène, Novartis La rédaction de cet article a été soutenu par Janssen.

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Brenaut, É. Planifier une grossesse chez une patiente avec un psoriasis. Eur J Dermatol 30 (Suppl 1), 18–24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2020.3886

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