Skip to main content
Log in

Chemical composition and current distribution of “Azafr’an de Bolita”(Ditaxis heterantha Zucc; Euphorbiaceae): A food pigment producing plant

  • Published:
Economic Botany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ditaxis heterantha Zucc. (azafrán de bolita), a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, grows wild in the semiarid regions of Mexico. Its seeds are used by the inhabitants of the regions where it grows to give color and to enhance the flavor of food. It has been recently cultivated locally, however, the plant has not been cultivated extensively, and it is considered that this crop could have an economic potential. The purpose of this work is to validate the reported geographical distribution of the plant and its chemical composition. The endosperm of the seeds has an intense yellow color, indicating the presence of pigments of the carotenoid family. The pigment was extracted using hexane, and seven fractions were obtained by HPLC. The spectra of the fractions produce three maxima, λmax characteristic of carotenoids. Chemical composition of the seed showed average oil content of 39.4% and 18.8% of protein. The oil and protein content are similar to that of cottonseed and sunflower seed, respectively. Its composition allows the seed to be used as a source of natural pigment, vegetable oil, and protein. The seed has a competitive price and a promising profit margin in local markets, and its cultivation requires little care, growing especially well under limited water conditions

Résumé

Ditaxis heterantha Zucc. (azafrán de bolita) es una planta que pertenece a la familia de las Euphorbiáceas, se encuentra en las regiones semiáridas de México en forma silvestre. Sus semillas son utilizadas por los habitantes de las regiones donde crece, para dar color y sabor en la preparatión de sus alimentos. Recientemente se ha iniciado su cultivo en forma local, sin embargo, la planta no ha sido cultivada extensivamente pero puede ser un cultivo económicamente potential. El objetivo de este trabajo es validar la distribución geográfica de la planta y determinar su composición química. El endospermo de las semillas es de color amarillo intenso indicando la presencia de pigmentos de la familia de los carotenoides. La extractión del pigmento se llevó a cabo con hexano, y se lograron identificar 7 fracciones por HPLC. El espectro de estas fracciones presentó un espectro con 3 absorbancias máximas, lo cual es característico de los carotenoides. Los análisis de la composición química de la semilla, mostraron que el contenido de grasa en promedio es del 39.4%, mientras que de proteína es del 18.8%. El contenido de grasa y proteína es semejante a las semillas de algodón y girasol respectivamente. Su compositión puede permitir la utilización de la semilla como fuente pigmentos naturales, aceite vegetal y proteína. La semilla alcanza precios competitivos en los mercados locales y tienen una promisoria rentabilidad económica debido a que su cultivo requiere pocos cuidados específicamente baja demanda de agua

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Abraham, G., andR. J. Hron. 1992. Oils seeds. Pages 1901–1910 in Y. H. Hui, ed., Encyclopedia of food science and technology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1997. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. Vols. I and II. 16th ed. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Britton, G. 1991. Carotenoids. Pages 473–518 in B. V. Charlwood and D. V. Banthorpe, eds., Methods in plant biochemistry. Ed. P. M. Dey and J. B. Harborne. Academic Press.

  • — 1995. UV/Visible Spectroscopy. Pages 13–62 in G. Britton, S. Liaan-Jensen, and H. Pfander, eds., Carotenoids. Birkauser Verlag, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. 1991. Pigments in vegetables. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. pp. or]75-92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, J. 1980. The generic limits of Argythamnia (Euphorbiaceae) defined. Gentes Herbarum 11(7): 427–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, L. C., and H. Y. Bernal. 1992. El “inchi”Caryodendron orinocense karsten (Euphorbiaceae). Convenio de San Andrés Bello. CAB en Coedicion con el ministerio de educación y Ciencia de España, Bogotá, Colombia.

    Google Scholar 

  • McVaugh, R. 1980. Karwinski’s itineraries in México 1827-1832 and 1941-1843. Contribution of Michigan Herbarium, Vol. 14, pp. 141–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez, M. 1937. Catalogo de nombres vulgares y científicos de plantas Mexicanas. De. Botas, México.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1959. Plantas utiles de la flora Mexicana, Ediciones Botas. Mexico, D.E

    Google Scholar 

  • Mensier, P. H. 1957. Dictionaire des huiles vegetables. Edition Paul Lechevalier, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miiller, J. 1866. Euphorbiaceae. Pages 189–1286 in DeCandolle, ed., Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 15(29): 189–1286. Paris.

  • Nowicke, J. W., M. Takahashi, andG. L. Webster. 1999. Pollen morphology, exine structure and sys tematics of Acalyphoideae (Euphorbiaceae). Part 2. Tribes Agrostistachydeae (Agrostistachys), Pseudograstistachys, Cytrhanthus, Chondrostilis), Crozophoreae (Speranskia, Capperonia, Philyta, Ditaxis, Argythamnia, Chiropetalum). Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 105:(1-2):l-62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radcliffe-Smith, A. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravetta, D., andA. Soriano. 1990.Colliguaya integerrima (Euphorbiaceae): A possible new crop for temperate deserts. Page 267 in J. Janick and J. E. Simon, eds., Advances in new crops. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rzedowsky, J. 1983. Vegetatión de Mexico. Ed. Limusa. Mexico. D.E

  • Standley, P. C. 1924. Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Pages 620–621 in Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vázquez, V. 2000. El azafrán de bolita(Ditaxis heterantha) en el Norte de Jalisco. Centro Regional Universitario de Occidente (Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo)-CIATEJ. Reporte técnico de un estudio de campo.

  • Walters, D. R., andD. J. Keil. 1996. Vascular plant taxonomy. 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, G. L. 1994. Synopsis of taxa of Euphorbiaceae. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 81:33–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Méndez-Robles, M.D., Flores-Chavira, C., Jaramillo-Flores, M.E. et al. Chemical composition and current distribution of “Azafr’an de Bolita”(Ditaxis heterantha Zucc; Euphorbiaceae): A food pigment producing plant. Econ Bot 58, 530–535 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0530:CCACDO]2.0.CO;2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0530:CCACDO]2.0.CO;2

Key Words