概要
发热是机体的一种保护机制,指体温升高超过了正常范围,作为许多疾病常见的伴随症状。其病因复杂多变,常牵扯全身系统病变。发热不仅在传染病的监测预警中起着重要作用,而且在口腔诊疗中也是常见症状。本文通过对口腔感染途径及口腔相关发热疾病进行分类和总结,明确各种口腔发热疾病(包括新型冠状病毒感染)的发热特点和临床表现,增加“黏膜相关性感染”以及“黏膜相关性发热”作为感染途径及发热种类的补充,提出“六步一体”口腔发热疾病辨析策略,并归纳口腔发热诊断流程图,从而对明确发热疾病的诊断,保护医患双方,以及为患者提供优质安全的口腔诊疗服务提供保障。
Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Arslan F, Karagöz E, Arslan BY, et al., 2016. An unnoticed origin of fever: periapical tooth abscess. Three case reports and literature review. Infez Med, 24(1):67–70.
Brandão TB, Gueiros LA, Melo TS, et al., 2021. Oral lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: could the oral cavity be a target organ? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 131(2):e45–e51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2020.07.014
Chang JC, 1989. Neoplastic fever. A proposal for diagnosis. Arch Intern Med, 149(8):1728–1730. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1989.00390080014004
Chen QM, Zhou ZT, 2008. Oral Medicine. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China (in Chinese).
Chen QM, Zeng X, 2019. Case-Based Oral Medicine. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China, p.8–468 (in Chinese).
DeWitt S, Chavez SA, Perkins J, et al., 2017. Evaluation of fever in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med, 35(11):1755–1758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2017.08.030
Dinarello CA, Bunn PA, 1997. Fever. Semin Oncol, 24(3):288–298.
Fan MW, Zhou XD, 2003. Endodontics. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China, p.180–186 (in Chinese).
Ge JB, Xu YJ, Wang C, 2018. Internal Medicine. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China (in Chinese).
Ge ZY, Yang LM, Xia JJ, et al., 2020. Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol), 21(5):361–368. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2010010
González AN, Magaletskyy K, Carrillo PM, et al., 2021. Are oral mucosal changes a sign of COVID-19? A cross-sectional study at a field hospital. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed), 112(7):640–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adengl.2021.05.010
Iser BPM, Sliva I, Raymundo VT, et al., 2020. Suspected COVID-19 case definition: a narrative review of the most frequent signs and symptoms among confirmed cases. Epidemiol Serv Saude, 29(3):e2020233. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000300018
Jiang F, Deng LH, Zhang LQ, et al., 2020. Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Gen Intern Med, 35(5):1545–1549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w
Lee CC, Hong MY, Lee NY, et al., 2012. Pitfalls in using serum C-reactive protein to predict bacteremia in febrile adults in the ED. Am J Emerg Med, 30(4):562–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.02.012
Li LQ, Huang T, Wang YQ, et al., 2020. COVID-19 patients’ clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol, 92(6):577–583. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25757
Liu XL, Wang F, Zhou KY, et al., 2021. Clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease in adolescents. J Int Med Res, 49(11): 3000605211056839. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605211056839
Odagiri T, Morita T, Sakurai H, et al., 2019. A multicenter cohort study to explore differentiating factors between tumor fever and infection among advanced cancer patients. J Palliat Med, 22(11): 1331–1336. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2018.0594
Ogle OE, 2017. Odontogenic infections. Dent Clin North Am, 61(2):235–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2016.11.004
Pasikhova Y, Ludlow S, Baluch A, 2017. Fever in patients with cancer. Cancer Control, 24(2):193–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/107327481702400212
Wan XH, Lu XF, 2018. Diagnostics. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China, p.8–13, 230–468 (in Chinese).
Xu H, Zhong L, Deng JX, et al., 2020. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci, 12:8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x
Zhang ZZ, Shi B, Zhang CP, 2020. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China (in Chinese).
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81902755). We thank Dr. Zhao HONG (The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China) for the guidance on classification of fever.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Author contributions
Jian YUAN designed the study, performed the research, and wrote the paper. Chuanxia LIU and Zaiye LI collected cases and polished the paper. Qianming CHEN contributed the central idea, directed the revision of the article, and wrote the initial draft of the paper. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript, and therefore, have full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity and security of the data.
Compliance with ethics guidelines
Jian YUAN, Chuanxia LIU, Zaiye LI, and Qianming CHEN declare that they have no conflict of interest.
This work was approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (No. 2021-56(R)). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study. Additional informed consent was obtained from all patients for which identifying information is included in this article.