Abstract
Mesocotyl elongation is a key trait influencing seedling emergence and establishment in direct-seeding rice cultivation. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) has positive effects on mesocotyl elongation in rice. However, the physiological and molecular basis underlying the regulation of mesocotyl elongation mediated by GA priming under deep-sowing conditions remains largely unclear. In the present study, we performed a physiological and comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the function of GA priming in mesocotyl elongation and seedling emergence using a direct-seeding japonica rice cultivar ZH10 at a 5-cm sowing depth. Physiological experiments indicated that GA priming significantly improved rice seedling emergence by increasing the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes and compatible solute content to supply the energy essential for subsequent development. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 7074 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of <0.05, |log2(fold change)| of ⩾1) after GA priming. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that genes associated with transcriptional regulation, plant hormone biosynthesis or signaling, and starch and sucrose metabolism were critical for GA-mediated promotion of rice mesocotyl elongation. Further analyses showed that the expression of the transcription factor (TF) genes (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) alternative splicing 1 (MYBAS1), phytochrome-interacting factors 1 (PIF1), Oryza sativa teosinte branched 1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor 5 (OsTCP5), slender 1 (SLN1), and mini zinc finger 1 (MIF1)), plant hormone biosynthesis or signaling genes (brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1), ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase-like (KAO), GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.2 (GH3.2), and small auxin up RNA 36 (SAUR36)), and starch and sucrose metabolism genes (α-amylases (AMY2A and AMY1.4)) was highly correlated with the mesocotyl elongation and deep-sowing tolerance response. These results enhance our understanding of how nutrient metabolism-related substances and genes regulate rice mesocotyl elongation. This may facilitate future studies on related genes and the development of novel rice varieties tolerant to deep sowing.
概要
目的
了解深播条件下赤霉素引发处理调控直播稻中胚轴伸长的生理及分子机制, 以期为水稻中胚轴伸长及耐深播相关候选基因挖掘奠定基础.
创新点
深播条件下, 赤霉素引发处理通过激活淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关基因表达进而增加淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量为直播稻中胚轴伸长及深播出苗提供能量; 转录因子基因 (MYBAS1、 PIF1、 OsTCP5、 SLN1、 MIF1)、 植物激素合成和信号转导相关基因 (BZR1、 KAO、 GH3.2、 SAUR36) 及淀粉和蔗糖代谢的相关基因 (AMY2A 和 AMY1.4) 与直播稻深播耐受性高度相关.
方法
设置一系列不同赤霉素浓度的种子引发试验, 在播种后不同时期测定5cm播深条件下直播稻郑旱10号的出苗率、 中胚轴长、 α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性及可溶性糖等生理指标并进行统计分析; 通过转录组测序及生物信息学的方法研究赤霉素引发处理对深播条件下直播稻中胚轴基因表达的影响; 通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应 (qRT-PCR)方法对筛选出的相关基因进行基因表达分析.
结论
深播条件下, 中胚轴伸长是直播稻出苗的主要动力源, 赤霉素引发处理能够通过增加淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量为直播稻中胚轴伸长及深播出苗提供能量; 参与转录调控、 植物激素合成和信号转导、 淀粉和蔗糖代谢的相关基因在由赤霉素介导的水稻中胚轴伸长过程中发挥关键作用; MYBAS1、 PIF1、 BZR1、 KAO、 GH3.2、 AMY2A、 AMY1.4 等正调控因子和 OsTCP5、 SLN1、 SAUR36、 MIF1 等负调控因子与直播稻深播耐受性高度相关.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0100101-19), the Rice Industry Technology System of Henan Province (No. S2012-04), and the Independent Innovation Fund Program of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No. 2020ZC07). We thank Dr. Yufeng YANG (Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China) for his helpful suggestions in discussion, as well as Editage (https://www.editage.cn) for English language editing.
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Ya WANG contributed to data analysis and writing of the manuscript. Yuetao WANG, Ruifang YANG, Fuhua WANG, Jing FU, Wenbo YANG, Tao BAI, and Shengxuan WANG performed the experimental research and data analysis. Haiqing YIN contributed to the study design, and writing and editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript, and therefore, have full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity and security of the data.
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Ya WANG, Yuetao WANG, Ruifang YANG, Fuhua WANG, Jing FU, Wenbo YANG, Tao BAI, Shengxuan WANG, and Haiqing YIN declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, R. et al. Effects of gibberellin priming on seedling emergence and transcripts involved in mesocotyl elongation in rice under deep direct-seeding conditions. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 22, 1002–1021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2100174
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2100174