Abstract
This study was conducted to reveal the effects of silicon (Si) application on nutrient utilization efficiency by rice and on soil nutrient availability and soil microorganisms in a hybrid rice double-cropping planting system. A series of field experiments were conducted during 2017 and 2018. The results showed that Si nutrient supply improved grain yield and the utilization rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to an appropriate level for both early and late plantings, reaching a maximum at 23.4 kg/ha Si. The same trends were found for the ratios of available N (AN) to total N (TN) and available P (AP) to total P (TP), the soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), and the ratios of MBN to TN and MBP to TP, at different levels of Si. Statistical analysis further revealed that Si application enhanced rice growth and increased the utilization rate of fertilizer due to an ecological mechanism, i.e., Si supply significantly increased the total amount of soil microorganisms in paddy soil compared to the control. This promoted the mineralization of soil nutrients and improved the availability and reserves of easily mineralized organic nutrients.
概要
揭示双季杂交稻系统中硅(Si)养分补充对水稻 养分利用率与对土壤养分有效性影响的相应关 系及其生态机制。
创新点:发现一定量的Si 养分补充可提高稻田土壤氮(N) 和磷(P)养分的有效性,并促进水稻根系对养 分的吸收,从而提高水稻产量及肥料利用率。其 核心生态机制是补充Si 养分可显著增加稻田土 壤的微生物总量,从而促进土壤养分同化固定,提高土壤中N 和P 的矿化以及易矿化的土壤微生 物量氮(MBN)和土壤微生物量磷(MBP)的储 备。
方法:2017 和2018 连续两年,在双季稻作区设计了系 列田间试验,统一常规养分管理,于早稻和晚稻 种植期间设置五个有效Si 用量梯度处理(即 0(对照)、7.8、15.6、23.4 和31.2 kg/ha Si),分 析收获后的水稻生长性状(株高、籽粒产量、植 株生物量等),水稻根、茎、叶和籽粒中N 和P 的 含量,土壤有效态N 和P 的含量以及土壤微生物 量碳(MBC)、MBN 和MBP 的含量,最后统计 分析Si 的供应与对水稻N 和P 养分利用率、土 壤养分有效性、MBC、MBN 和MBP 的影响及其 相互关系。
结论:Si 养分补充可增加双季杂交稻系统土壤微生物总 量,促进土壤养分同化固定,提高土壤养分的有 效性以及易矿化的有机养分的储备,使得土壤养 分易于被水稻根系吸收利用,从而提高水稻肥料 利用率,促进水稻的生长发育,提高水稻产量。 其中Si 施用量为23.4 kg/ha 时双季水稻产量及N 和P 肥利用率均达到最大值,此时土壤有效态氮 与总氮比(AN/TN)、有效态磷与总磷比(AP/TP) 以及MBN 和MBP 也均达到最大值。上述结果表 明,通过Si 养分补充可适当削减双季杂交稻系统 因过多化学肥料投入带来的面源污染问题。
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We gratefully thank to Huinong Planting Professional Cooperative of Shanggao County, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, China for providing the experimental site and providing necessary support and help for the experiment in the whole process.
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Min LIAO and Xiao-mei XIE participated in the study design, data analysis, writing and editing of the manuscript. Zhi-ping FANG, Yu-qi LIANG, Xiao-hui HUANG, Xu YANG, Shu-sen CHEN, Chang-xu XU, and Jia-wen GUO performed the experimental research and data analysis. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and, therefore, have full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity and security of the data.
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Min LIAO, Zhi-ping FANG, Yu-qi LIANG, Xiao-hui HUANG, Xu YANG, Shu-sen CHEN, Xiao-mei XIE, Chang-xu XU, and Jia-wen GUO declare that they have no conflict of interest.
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (No. 2016YFD0200800) and the National Natural Science foundation of China (No. 41571226)
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Liao, M., Fang, Zp., Liang, Yq. et al. Effects of supplying silicon nutrient on utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients by rice and its soil ecological mechanism in a hybrid rice double-cropping system. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 21, 474–484 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1900516
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1900516