Abstract
Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures. TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams. It may lead to gas bubble disease (GBD) for fish and biochemical responses of selected fish and other aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long-term TDGS levels on the growth and biochemical responses of rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang) dwelling in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Three-year-old rock carp were exposed to TDGS levels at 100%, 104%, 108%, 112%, and 116% for 42 d. Samples were taken every 7 d after the start of the trial in order to determine catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in gill and muscle tissues. Samples were taken at Days 0 and 42 of exposure to determine growth rate. Little effect was found on growth rate in all treatment groups. SOD and CAT activities varied in different tissues, according to time of exposure and TDGS levels. The biochemical response of fish exposed to TDGS was more obvious in gill tissue than in muscle tissue. Surveys of SOD and CAT activities in different tissues offer important information about the effect of TDGS on the rare fish in the Yangtze River, and may help evaluate the risk to the aquatic eco-environment and aquatic ecosystem in the downstream of the Yangtze River.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alderdice, D.F., Jensen, J.O.T., 1985. An explanation for the high resistance of incubating salmonid eggs to atmospheric gas supersaturation of water. Aquaculture, 49(1): 85–88. [doi:10.1016/0044-8486(85)90192-9]
Atli, G., Alptekin, O., Tükel, S., Canli, M., 2006. Response of catalase activity to Ag+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in five tissues of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 143(2): 218–224. [doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.02.003]
Bouck, G.R., 1980. Etiology of gas bubble disease. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 109(6):703–707. [doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109〈703:EOGBD〉2.0.CO;2]
Campa-Córdova, A.I., Núñez-Vázquez, E.J., Luna-González, A., Romero-Geraldo, M.J., Ascencio, F., 2009. Superoxide dismutase activity in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei and Nodipecten subnodosus exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 149(3):317–322. [doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.08.006]
Colt, J., 1986. Gas supersaturation—impact on the design and operation of aquatic systems. Aquac. Eng., 5(1):49–85. [doi:10.1016/0144-8609(86)90005-1]
Colt, J., Orwicz, K., Brooks, D., 1985. The effect of gas supersaturation on the growth of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Aquaculture, 50(1–2):153–160. [doi:10.1016/0044-8486(85)90161-9]
Cornacchia, J.W., Colt, J.E., 1984. The effects of dissolved gas supersaturation on larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). J. Fish Dis., 7(1):15–27. [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1984.tb00903.x]
Dawley, E.M., Ebel, W.J., 1975. Effects of various concentrations of dissolved atmospheric gas on juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead trout. Fish Bull., 73(4):787–796.
Gül, Ş., Belge-Kurutaş, E., Şahan, A., Doran, F., 2004. Pollution correlated modifications of liver antioxidant systems and histopathology of fish (Cyprinidae) living in Seyhan Dam Lake, Turkey. Environ. Int., 30(5):605–609. [doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00059-X]
Gunnarsli, K.S., Toften, H., Mortensen, A., 2008a. Effects of nitrogen gas supersaturation on growth and survival in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquaculture, 283(1–4):175–179. [doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.029]
Gunnarsli, K.S., Toften, H., Mortensen, A., 2008b. Effects of nitrogen gas supersaturation on growth and survival in larval cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquaculture, 288(3–4): 344–348. [doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.11.039]
Huang, X., Li, K.F., Du, J., Li, R., 2010a. Effects of gas supersaturation on lethality and avoidance responses in juvenile rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang). J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B (Biomed. & Biotechnol.), 11(10):806–811. [doi:10.1631/jzus.B1000006]
Huang, X., Li, K.F., Li, R., Li, J., Du, J., 2010b. Experimental system for the simulation of total dissolved gas supersaturated water of high dams. J. Sichuan Univ. (Eng. Sci. Ed.), 42(4):25–28 (in Chinese).
Krise, W.F., 1993. Effects of one-year exposures to gas supersaturation on lake trout. Prog. Fish-Cult. 55(3):169–176. [doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055〈0169:EOOYET〉2.3.CO;2]
Krise, W.F., Meade, J.W., Smith, R.A., 1990. Effect of feeding rate and gas supersaturation on survival and growth of lake trout. Prog. Fish-Cult., 52(1):45–50. [doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052〈0045:EOFRAG〉2.3.CO;2]
McCord, J.M., Fridovich, I., 1969. Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J. Biol. Chem., 244(22):6049–6055.
Montavon, P., Kukic, K.R., Bortlik, K., 2007. A simple method to measure effective catalase activities: optimization, validation, and application in green coffee. Anal. Bichem., 360(2):207–215. [doi:10.1016/j.ab.2006.10.035]
Morris, R.G., Beeman, J.W., VanderKooi, S.P., Maule, A.G., 2003. Lateral line pore diameters correlate with the development of gas bubble trauma signs in several Columbia River fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol., 135(2):309–320. [doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00072-2]
Person-Le Ruyet, J., Pichavant, K., Vacher, C., le Bayon, N., Severe, A., Boeuf, G., 2002. Effects of O2 supersaturation on metabolism and growth in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Aquaculture, 205(3–4): 373–383. [doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00689-5]
Sanchez, W., Palluel, O., Meunier, L., Coquery, M., Porcher, J.M., Ait-Aissa, S., 2005. Copper-induced oxidative stress in three-spined stickleback: relationship with hepatic met-al levels. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 19(1): 177–183. [doi:10.1016/j.etap.2004.07.003]
Stevens, D.G., Nebeker, A.V., Baker, R.J., 1980. Avoidance responses of salmon and trout to air-supersaturated water. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 109(6):751–754. [doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109〈751:AROSAT〉2.0.CO;2]
Sweet, L.I., Passino-Reader, D.R., Meier, P.G., Omann, G.M., 1999. Xenobiotic induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response. Biomarkers, 4(4):237–253. [doi:10.1080/135475099230778]
Wang, S.T., He, X.J., An, R.D., 2010. Responses of growth and antioxidant metabolism to nickel toxicity in Luffa cylindrica seedlings. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 7(2):810–821.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Project (No. 50979063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Xq., Li, Kf., Du, J. et al. Growth rate, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang) exposed to supersaturated total dissolved gas. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 12, 909–914 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1100071
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1100071
Key words
- Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS)
- Rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang)
- Growth rate
- Catalase
- Superoxide dismutase