Abstract
1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) contents in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, at different developmental stages and tissues were investigated by using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The 1-DNJ contents of silkworm larvae change significantly with their developmental stages. The male larvae showed higher accumulation efficiency of 1-DNJ than the females and also a significant variation was observed among the silkworm strains. The present results show that tissue distribution of 1-DNJ was significantly higher in blood, digestive juice, and alimentary canal, but no 1-DNJ was observed in the silkgland. Moreover, 1-DNJ was not found in silkworms fed with artificial diet that does not contain mulberry leaf powder. This proves that silkworms obtain 1-DNJ from mulberry leaves; they could not synthesize 1-DNJ by themselves. The accumulation and excretion of 1-DNJ change periodically during the larval stage. There was no 1-DNJ in the newly-hatched larvae and 1-DNJ was mainly accumulated during the early and middle stages of every instar, while excreted at later stages of larval development. Further, it is possible to extract 1-DNJ from the larval feces and it is optimal to develop the 1-DNJ related products for diabetic auxiliary therapy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asano, N., Tomioka, E., Kizu, H., Oseki, K., Matsui, K., 1994a. Sugars with nitrogen in the ring isolated from the leaves of Morus bombycis. Carbohydr. Res., 253(3):235–245. [doi:10.1016/0008-6215(94)80068-5]
Asano, N., Oseki, K., Tomioka, E., Kizu, H., Matsui, K., 1994b. N-containing sugars from Morus alba and their glycosidase inhibitory activities. Carbohydr. Res., 259(2): 243–255. [doi:10.1016/0008-6215(94)84060-1]
Asano, N., Kato, A., Miyauchi, M., Kizu, H., Kameda, Y., Watson, A.A., Nash, R.J., Fleet, G.W., 1998. Nitrogen-containing furanose and pyranose analogues from Hyacinthus orientalis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(5):625–628. [doi:10.1021/np9705726]
Asano, N., Nishida, M., Miyauchi, M., Ikeda, K., Yamamoto, M., Kizu, H., Kameda, Y., Watson, A.A., Nash, R.J., Fleet, G.W., 2000. Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine and piperidine alkaloids from Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Campanulaceae). Phytochemistry, 53(3):379–382. [doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00555-5]
Asano, N., Yamashita, T., Yasuda, K., Ikeda, K., Kizu, H., Kameda, Y., Kata, A., Nash, R.J., Lee, H.S., Ryu, K.S., 2001. Polyhydroxylated alkaloids isolated from mulberry trees (Morus alba L.) and silkworms (Bombyx mori L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 49(9):4208–4213. [doi:10.1021/jf010567e]
Han, J., Inoue, S., Isoda, H., 2007. Effects of silkworm powder on glucose absorption by human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. J. Nat. Med., 61(4):387–390. [doi:10.1007/s11418-007-0164-5]
Hughes, A.B., Rudge, A.J., 1994. Deoxynojirimycin: synthesis and biological activity. Nat. Prod. Rep., 11(2):135–162. [doi:10.1039/np9941100135]
Kim, H.S., Kim, Y.H., Hong, Y.S., Paek, N.S., Lee, H.S., Kim, T.H., Kim, K.W., Lee, J.J., 1999. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from commelina communis. Planta Med., 65(5): 437–439. [doi:10.1055/s-2006-960803]
Kim, J.W., Kim, S.U., Lee, H.S., Kim, I., Ahn, M.Y., Ryu, K.S., 2003. Determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in Morus alba L. leaves by derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. A, 1002(1–2):93–99. [doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00728-3]
Kimura, T., Nakagawa, K., Kubota, H., Kojima, Y., Yamaqishi, K., Oita, S., Oikawa, S., Miyazawa, T., 2007. Food-grade mulberry powder enriched with 1-deoxynojirimycin suppresses the elevation of postprandial blood glucose in humans. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55(14):5869–5874. [doi:10.1021/jf062680g]
Ryu, K.S., Lee, H.S., Chung, S.H., Kang, P.D., 1997. An activity of lowering blood-glucose levels according to preparative condition of silkworm powder. Kor. J. Seric. Sci., 39(1):79–85.
Ryu, K.S., Lee, H.S., Kim, S.Y., 1999. Pharmacodynamic study of silkworm powder in mice administered to maltose, sucrose and lactose. Kor. J. Seric. Sci., 41(1):9–13.
Yatsunami, K., Ichida, M., Onodera, S., 2008. The relationship between 1-deoxynojirimycin content and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in leaves of 276 mulberry cultivars (Morus spp.) in Kyoto. Jpn Nat. Med. (Tokyo), 62(1):63–66.
Yoshikaki, A., Hivonu, M., 1976. The structure of moranoline, a piperidine alkaloid form Morus species. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi, 50(11):571–572.
Yoshikuni, Y., 1988. Inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia by moranoline and its N-alkyl derivatives. Agric. Biol. Chem., 52(1): 121–128.
Yoshikuni, Y., Ezure, Y., Aoyagi, Y., Enomoto, H., 1988. Inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase and postprandial hyperglycemia by N-substituted moranoline derivatives. J. Pharmacobiodyn., 11(5):356–362.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yin, H., Shi, Xq., Sun, B. et al. Accumulation of 1-deoxynojirimycin in silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 11, 286–291 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0900344
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0900344